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PC-VT - VT100/102/52 Terminal Emulator (C) Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Version 8.1 Forward Many trademarks are used through out this document. I will list and acknowledge them here. IBM, IBM PC, and PC-DOS are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. DEC, VMS, VAX and VT are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. Smartmodem is a trademark of Hayes Microcomputer Products. For more details on the operation of a VT102 or a VT100, refer to the VT102 and VT100 Video Terminal User Guides published by Digital Equipment Corp, Educational Services Department, Maynard, Massachusetts 01754. Throughout this document, hexidecimal numbers are followed by the letter "H". All other numbers are decimal. Also, the ENTER key on the keyboard sends a carriage return character - ASCII code 13. A carriage return function moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line. "ESC" refers to the ASCII character whose decimal value is 26. PC-VT WARRANTY This program is provided on an "as is" basis without warranty of any kind, expressed or implied, including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose. The entire risk as to quality and performance of this program is with you. Should the program prove defective, you assume the entire cost of all necessary repair, servicing, or correction. In no event will the author be liable to you for any damages, including any lost profits, lost savings, or other incidental or consequential damages arising out of the use or inability to use this program. This warranty gives you specific legal rights, and you may have other rights which may vary from state to state. Some states do not allow the exclusion of implied warranties or exclusion of liability for incidental or consequential damages so the above may not apply to you. You acknowledge that you have read this agreement, understand it, and agree to be bound by its terms and conditions. You further agree that it is the complete and exclusive statement of the agreement between us, which supercedes any proposal or prior agreement, oral or written, and any other communications between us. THANKS I would like to thank all of the users who have been kind enough to send me their ideas and comments. It is through feedback of this nature that I can make PC-VT a better and more useful program. For the latest news on PC-VT, read the file on the distribution diskette named READ.ME. Mark C. DiVecchio 9067 Hillery Drive San Diego, CA 92126 619-566-6810 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 3 Introduction PC-VT v8.1 Chapter 1 Introduction PC-VT is a software emulator which makes the IBM PC function as a DEC VT102 or a VT100 Video Terminal. Selection of terminal type is made in the SETUP B display (Chapter 6). PC-VT defaults to VT102 emulation. PC-VT also supports VT52 compatibility mode. PC-VT emulates the majority of the functions of the VT100/102. Because of either hardware limitations of the IBM PC or limitations of PC-DOS, some functions cannot be emulated. Other functions have been slightly modified. Throughout this document, references are made to these changes and deletions. PC-VT handles all of the necessary functions to perform as a VT100/102 emulator. The vast majority of users will never notice these hardware and PC-DOS mandated changes. The typical user will only need to read Chapters 2 through 5 of this manual. Chapter 6 is only necessary if any of the selectable features need to be changed from the default settings. PC-VT comes pre-configured for the most popular set of features. Communications parameters default to 1200 baud, 8 data bits, no parity and 1 stop bits. Chapter 7 describes the VT100/102 "USER MEMORY" which PC-VT emulates by creating and using a disk file. Chapter 8 describes the Receive File (Download) and Transmit File (Upload) features. Chapter 9 describes the use of the Dialing facility which is Hayes command compatible. The macro key facility is described in chapter 11. The more sophisticated user will find that the Appendices give a complete description of the internal workings of PC-VT. DOS path names are supported for upload/download if you are using DOS 2 or later. - Here is a brief list of the functions handled by PC-VT. * Emulates both VT100 and VT102 Terminals. Emulates VT52 compatibility Mode of the VT100. * Communication over an RS232 port configured as either COM1 or COM2 selectable from the SETUP display. Page 4 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Introduction * Communications support for all of the popular baud rate and data bit/parity bit combinations. * On line HELP by pressing the Alt-H key. * Full Duplex with no EIA modem control. Only data leads have to be connected (FDX A mode). Suitable for use 1 with a null modem (direct) connection to the host computer or with a modem which does not require modem control signals. * VT52 Compatibility Mode. * Support for Hayes dialing commands and includes a Dialing Directory with 10 entries. * ALT F1 thru ALT F10 as Macro keys. * Full receive parity checking can be enabled. * Both Numeric and Application Keypad modes. * Full cursor control. * Full feature Upload and Download file capability. Both ASCII and XMODEM (CRC capable) are supported. Path name support is included if you are using DOS 2 or later. ASCII file upload includes a "handshake" capability to compensate for slow host systems. * Capability to transmit a sustained Break. * NO SCROLL key XON/XOFF support. * Connection of a printer as LPT1 or LPT2 including local print screen operations. * Capability to echo all displayed characters to LPT1 or LPT2 as hardcopy record of a terminal session. * Using special ALT key keystrokes, access to several special function procedures. * SETUP A and SETUP B displays. ---------- 1. Throughout this manual, the host refers to the computer "on the other end of the line" with which PC-VT is communicating. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 5 Introduction PC-VT v8.1 * Full XON/XOFF support for both transmit and receive. * ON LINE, LED "Lx" and KBD LOCKED lights are supported via the use of line 25 of the PC display as a status line. (4 LED are supported for the VT100 emulation, 1 for the VT102.) * For the more sophisticated user, the majority of the ANSI standard and DEC private Escape sequences are supported. * Run DOS functions or other programs without terminating PC-VT or disconnecting from the host. * Use of the environment string 'PC-VT=' in order to find the parameter files. - Here is a brief list of what PC-VT can not handle. * Half duplex modes (HDX A and HDX B) and special full duplex modes (FDX B and FDX C). * Features used only in these non supported communications modes. * Test and Adjustments Escape sequences. * Certain display attribute handling for normal and reverse video. The IBM PC does not handle reverse video (black on white) the same way as the VT100/102. The differences are detailed throughout this manual. * As mentioned earlier, functions with no IBM PC hardware such as Smooth Scroll mode, 132 column mode, underscore on PC's using the color graphics display card, Alternate Character ROM modes, and double height/width character modes. As an aid to the user of PC-VT, PC-VT uses the speaker built into the IBM PC to indicate attempted illegal operations. PC-VT beeps under the following conditions: 1. When the keyboard has been locked by the host and a key is typed, 2. When an undefined key is pressed on the keyboard, 3. When a control character of 7 (Bell) is received, 4. When an attempt is made to perform an illegal or undefined operation in a SETUP or the DIALING display. Page 6 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Introduction 5. When the MODEM has lost communications or cannot transmit, PC-VT times-out after trying to send a character for one-half second. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 7 Required Hardware and Software PC-VT v8.1 Chapter 2 Required Hardware and Software PC-VT requires an IBM PC, PCjr, or AT with either the Monochrome or Color/Graphics card, an 80 column display, 96K of memory (a better way to put this, is enough for DOS plus about 35K for the PC-VT program and about 16K for dynamically allocated screen saving space and space for the HELP screens), one disk drive and one RS-232 port. The RS-232 port can be jumpered as COM1 or COM2. A line printer, if present, is supported if it is connected to a parallel port jumpered as either LPT1 or LPT2. The PC-DOS MODE command can be used to route LPT1 or LPT2 output to a COM port if a serial printer is attached. PC-VT will operate under PC-DOS 1.1, 2.x, or 3.0 . PC-VT supports the IBM 2 fixed disk . The ANSI.SYS device driver is not needed but will not interfere with PC-VT even if it is loaded. PC-VT will support the Hayes Smartmodem or compatible cards. Chapter 9 gives the details for their use. The modem card can be configured as COM1 or COM2. If a standalone Modem is used, the RS-232 port in the IBM PC can also be configured either as COM1 or COM2. A comment on DOS : If you don't have DOS 2.1 or 3.0, please invest the money and buy it. The new versions of DOS added a lot of functionality to the IBM PC, if you are running DOS 1.1 , you will not see that increased functionality. ---------- 2. The next chapter describes how to use this program with the fixed disk. Page 8 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Starting PC-VT Chapter 3 Starting PC-VT Place the supplied diskette into one of your diskette drives. Set the default diskette letter in DOS to that drive. If you have a modem which requires manual dialing, dial up the host computer and turn on the Modem. Start the program by typing PC-VT. PC-VT comes preinitialized to communicate at 1200 baud with 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit. If these parameters are not correct for your installation they can be changed. See the discussion of the SETUP displays for instructions on how to change parameters. PC-VT creates and uses three files on the disk to save default parameters. The files are PARAMS.DAT, DIALER.DAT, and MACRO.DAT. These files are automatically created in the default directory on the default drive. If you are using DOS 2.0 or later, you can specify an environment string which PC-VT will use to create and locate those three files. You can specify the PATH command which DOS will use to locate the PC-VT program itself. With these two features, you can execute PC-VT without regard to which directory you currently have set. Use the set command as follows: set PC-VT=d:path Where 'd' is the drive letter and 'path' is the pathname. The pathname can be any string which is acceptable to the DOS CHDIR command. Some examples: set PC-VT= PC-VT will use the default directory on the default disk. set PC-VT=c: PC-VT will use the default directory on the 'c' drive. set PC-VT=a:\ PC-VT will use the root directory on the 'a' drive. set PC-VT=b:\pc-vt PC-VT will use the directory named 'pc-vt' on the 'b' drive. Again, if you don't bother with this option, PC-VT will just use the default directory on the default drive. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 9 Starting PC-VT PC-VT v8.1 As PC-VT starts up, it will initialize the COMx port and establish the connection to the modem. The CRT will show the communications display . Lines 1 through 24 are used as the emulated VT100/102 screen which has 24 lines. Line 25 is used as a status line. The first thing that you will see on line 25 is the word "ON LINE" and the version number of PC-VT in the lower left. This indicates that PC-VT is operating normally and is ready to communicate. If you have a Hayes or other compatible Modem, you can now automatically dial the host's number. Type CTRL-F9 to enter the DIALING display. See Chapter 9 for detailed instructions on how to use this DIALING facility. Most host systems require that the terminal initiate communications so type ENTER. Your host computer should now be responding. From this 3 point on, PC-VT runs as a VT100/102 Video Terminal . In addition to the items described above, the Status line also shows the status of the attached modem if the cable to the modem carries all signals or if the modem is an internally mounted unit. These three icons are displayed: - DSR - Data Set Ready - the modem is ready to accept data. - CD - Carrier Detect - the modem has detected a carrier on the phone line. - CTS - Clear To Send - the modem has completed the establishment of a connection and is ready to send data to the Host. If you are using a "smart" modem, the modem may signal CD and CTS even when not connected to the Host. There is usually a switch on the modem to switch these two lines to their correct operation. Keep in mind that PC-VT doesn't care about these lines, it just displays them for your information. Using PC-VT on the IBM fixed disk is possible. There are no special requirements. Copy the program PC-VT.EXE to the fixed disk and use the 'set' command as described above if desired. Then just start up PC-VT. As an added feature to PC-VT for users of DOS 2.+ , a new copy of Command.COM can be started without terminating PC-VT or breaking the host connection. To do this, just type ALT-F (hold down the 'Alt' key and then press the 'f' key). You will see a ---------- 3. If at this point, nothing is working or the PC beeps with every key you depress, most likely the COMx to Modem interface was not correctly initialized. Terminate and restart the program. PC-VT will reset and will re-initialize the COMx port. Page 10 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Starting PC-VT DOS prompt appear on the screen. You can now execute all DOS commands and even start up other programs. Be careful, though, that you do not run a program that uses the same communications port or disk files as being used by PC-VT. The other program may leave the communications port in an unknown state and PC-VT may not be able to regain control of it. When you wish to return to PC-VT, type "exit" at the Command.COM prompt. You will then be returned to the PC-VT communications display. The screen will be cleared. PC-VT uses the environment string 'COMSPEC=' to locate the command processor. The DOS sets this string up automatically so you don't have to concern yourself with it. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 11 Stopping PC-VT PC-VT v8.1 Chapter 4 Stopping PC-VT Since CTRL-C is a valid key for the VT100/102, PC-VT intercepts both that key and CTRL-BREAK before DOS can use them to terminate the program. You can terminate PC-VT in one of two ways: - Type CTRL-F8 or - Go to the SETUP, DIALING, or MACRO display and then type CTRL-BREAK or CTRL-C. As with other PC-DOS programs, the type ahead buffer must be empty for CTRL-C to work correctly. The screen will clear, control will return to PC-DOS and the PC-DOS prompt should appear. The host connection is not broken (DTR and RTS are kept active) and restarting PC-VT will re-establish communications. Page 12 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Keyboard assignments Chapter 5 Keyboard assignments Since the keyboard on the IBM PC is not the same as the VT100/102, certain keys have to be mapped. The basic keyboard is the same of course. The keypad, cursor keys and certain other control keys are in different positions on the two keyboards. The other major difference is the lack of separate cursor keys on the PC (the cursor keys and the keypad occupy the same keys). Delete Key : The backspace key on the IBM PC keyboard emulates the DELETE key on the VT100/102. An option on the SETUP B display enables you to change the IBM PC backspace key to send an ASCII 8 instead of the ASCII 127 per the VT10x definition. Cursor Keys : The four cursor keys on the IBM PC keyboard emulate the four cursor keys on the VT100/102. NUM LOCK must be off for these keys to function. If NUM LOCK is set, the keypad generates the numeric characters shown on the keys. Function Keys : In Numeric Keypad mode, F1 thru F4 on the IBM PC keyboard emulate the PF1 thru PF4 keys on the VT100/102. In Application Keypad mode, F1 thru F10 map onto the VT100/102 keypad as follows (PC-VT displays the Greek letter "alpha" on the status to indicate that this mode is set): IBM PC key VT100/102 key F1 PF1 F2 PF2 F3 7 F4 8 F5 4 F6 5 F7 1 F8 2 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 13 Keyboard assignments PC-VT v8.1 F9 0 F10 0 Shift F1 PF3 Shift F2 PF4 Shift F3 9 Shift F4 - (minus sign) Shift F5 6 Shift F6 , (comma) Shift F7 3 Shift F8 ENTER Shift F9 . (period) Shift F10 ENTER This assignment was selected to closely follow the physical layout of the keypad on the VT100/102. Observe that the VT100/102 has four columns of keys in the keypad. PC-VT emulates the two left columns with the function keys and emulates the two right columns with the shifted function keys. It is expected that a user who is familiar with the VT100/102 keypad and has memorized the position of each key, will have little trouble using this function key mapping. Note that the "0" key and the "ENTER" key are mapped onto two of the PC keys. This is because on the VT100/102, the "0" and "ENTER" keys are double width. The drawing on the next page shows this mapping in a pictorial format. The name of the IBM PC key is in the upper left of each "key" pictorial. The emulated key or function is then shown in the center of the pictorial. Note : NUM LOCK is handled locally in the IBM PC. For the keypad keys to work correctly when using PC-VT, NUM LOCK should not be set. Page 14 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Keyboard assignments KEYPAD FUNCTION MAPPING FUNCTION KEYS "SHIFT" FUNCTION KEYS -------------------------- -------------------------- ............ ............ ............ ............ .F1 . .F2 . .F1 . .F2 . . . . . . . . . . PF1 . . PF2 . . PF3 . . PF4 . . . . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F3 . .F4 . .F3 . .F4 . . . . . . . . . . 7 . . 8 . . 9 . . - . . . . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F5 . .F6 . .F5 . .F6 . . . . . . . . . . 4 . . 5 . . 6 . . , . . . . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F7 . .F8 . .F7 . .F8 . . . . . . . . . . 1 . . 2 . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . ENTER . .......................... ............ . . .F9 F10 . .F9 . .F10 . . . . . . . . 0 . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... ............ ............ Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 15 Keyboard assignments PC-VT v8.1 Special key mapping for the EDT Editor : In application keypad mode, which is set by the DEC EDT text editor, the following keys cause special Escape sequences to be transmitted. Observe that some of these special keys transmit sequences that would require two or more keystrokes on the VT100/102. PC-VT displays the Greek letter "alpha" in the status line to indicate that this mode is active. IBM PC key EDT function performed Del key DEL C Backspace Deletes the character to the left of the cursor (DELETE key on the VT100/102) ALT = DELETE key on the VT100/102 Ins key OPEN LINE Home key TOP End key BOTTOM PgUp key BACKUP SECT PgDn key ADVANCE SECT CTRL-Home key Deletes the word to the left or of the cursor (LINEFEED key CTRL-Enter on the VT100/102) CTRL-End key ADVANCE DEL EOL - Erases from the cursor to the end of the line. CTRL-PgUp key BACKUP PAGE CTRL-PgDn key ADVANCE PAGE CTRL-Left Arrow key BACKUP EOL - Move cursor to the end of the previous line. CTRL-Right Arrow key ADVANCE EOL - Move the cursor to the end of the current line. SHIFT-Tab Moves the cursor to the beginning of the line (BACKSPACE key on the VT100/102). Page 16 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Keyboard assignments VT100/102 SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPINGS FUNCTION KEYS SHIFTED FUNCTION KEYS -------------------------- -------------------------- For Functions in (), press GOLD Key First. ............ ............ ............ ............ .F1 . .F2 . .F1 . .F2 . . . . . . . . . . GOLD . . HELP . . FNDNXT . . DEL L . . . . . . (FIND) . . (UND L) . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F3 . .F4 . .F3 . .F4 . . . . . . . . . . PAGE . . SECT . . APPEND . . DEL W . .(COMMAND) . . (FILL) . .(REPLACE) . . (UND W) . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F5 . .F6 . .F5 . .F6 . . . . . . . . . . ADVANCE . . BACKUP . . CUT . . DEL C . . (BOTTOM) . . (TOP) . . (PASTE) . . (UND C) . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F7 . .F8 . .F7 . .F8 . . . . . . . . . . WORD . . EOL . . CHAR . . . .(CHNG C) . . (DEL EOL). .(SPECINS) . . . ............ ............ ............ . ENTER . . (SUBS) . . . .......................... ............ . . .F9 F10 . .F9 . .F10 . . . . . . . . LINE . . SELECT . . . . (OPEN LINE) . . (RESET) . . . .......................... ............ ............ Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 17 Keyboard assignments PC-VT v8.1 VT100/102 SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPINGS..continued PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EDT -------------------------------------------------------------------- For Functions in (), press GOLD Key First. ............ ............ ............ ............ .7 . .8 . .9 . .-[minus] . . . . . . . . . . TOP . . CURSOR . . BACKUP . . . . . . UP . . SECT . . . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .4 . .5 . .6 . .+[plus] . . . . . . . . . . CURSOR . . . . CURSOR . . . . LEFT . . . . RIGHT . . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ . . .1 . .2 . .3 . . . . . . . . . . . . BOTTOM . . CURSOR . . ADVANCE . . . . . . DOWN . . SECT . . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . . .......................... .......................... . . .0 . ..[period] . . . . . . . . . . OPEN LINE . . DEL C . . . . (LINE) . . (UND C) . . . .......................... .......................... ............ Page 18 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Keyboard assignments VT100/102 SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPINGS..continued PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EDT - HOLD DOWN CTRL KEY -------------------------------------------------------------------- ............ ............ ............ ............ .7 . .8 . .9 . .-[minus] . . DELETE TO. . CURSOR TO. . BACKUP . . . . START OF . . START OF . . PAGE . . . . WORD . . LINE . . . . . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .4 . .5 . .6 . .+[plus] . . CURSOR TO. . . . CURSOR TO. . . . END OF . . . . END OF . . . . LAST LINE. . . . LINE . . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ . . .1 . .2 . .3 . . . . ERASE TO . . . . ADVANCE . . . . END OF . . . . PAGE . . . . LINE . . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . . .......................... .......................... . . .0 . ..[period] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .......................... ............ Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 19 Keyboard assignments PC-VT v8.1 VT52 COMPATIBILITY MODE SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPINGS FUNCTION KEYS SHIFTED FUNCTION KEYS -------------------------- -------------------------- For Functions in (), press GOLD Key First. ............ ............ ............ ............ .F1 . .F2 . .F1 . .F2 . . . . . . . . . . GOLD . . HELP . . DEL L . . NOT . . . . . . (UND L) . . USED . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F3 . .F4 . .F3 . .F4 . . . . . . . . . . PAGE . . FNDNXT . . DEL W . . NOT . .(COMMAND) . . (FIND) . . (UND W) . . USED . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F5 . .F6 . .F5 . .F6 . . . . . . . . . . ADVANCE . . BACKUP . . DEL C . . NOT . . (BOTTOM) . . (TOP) . . (UND C) . . USED . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .F7 . .F8 . .F7 . .F8 . . . . . . . . . . WORD . . EOL . . CUT . . . .(CHNG C) . . (DEL EOL). . (PASTE) . . . ............ ............ ............ . ENTER . . (SUBS) . . . .......................... ............ . . .F9 F10 . .F9 . .F10 . . . . . . . . LINE . . SELECT . . . . (OPEN LINE) . . (RESET) . . . .......................... ............ ............ Page 20 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Keyboard assignments VT52 COMPATIBILITY MODE SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPINGS..continued PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EDT -------------------------------------------------------------------- For Functions in (), press GOLD Key First. ............ ............ ............ ............ .7 . .8 . .9 . .-[minus] . . . . CURSOR . . . . . . TOP . . UP . . BACKUP . . . . . .(REPLACE) . . SECT . . . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .4 . .5 . .6 . .+[plus] . . CURSOR . . . . CURSOR . . . . LEFT . . . . RIGHT . . . . (APPEND) . . . . (SPECINS). . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ . . .1 . .2 . .3 . . . . . . CURSOR . . . . . . BOTTOM . . DOWN . . ADVANCE . . . . . . (SECT) . . SECT . . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . . .......................... .......................... . . .0 . ..[period] . . . . . . . . . . OPEN LINE . . DEL C . . . . (LINE) . . (UND C) . . . .......................... .......................... ............ Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 21 Keyboard assignments PC-VT v8.1 VT52 COMPATIBILITY MODE SPECIAL EDT KEY MAPPINGS..continued PC KEYPAD KEYS as MAPPED into EDT - HOLD DOWN CTRL KEY -------------------------------------------------------------------- ............ ............ ............ ............ .7 . .8 . .9 . .-[minus] . . DELETE TO. . CURSOR TO. . BACKUP . . . . START OF . . START OF . . PAGE . . . . WORD . . LINE . . . . . ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ ............ .4 . .5 . .6 . .+[plus] . . CURSOR TO. . . . CURSOR TO. . . . END OF . . . . END OF . . . . LAST LINE. . . . LINE . . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ . . .1 . .2 . .3 . . . . ERASE TO . . . . ADVANCE . . . . END OF . . . . PAGE . . . . LINE . . . . . . . ............ ............ ............ . . . . . . .......................... .......................... . . .0 . ..[period] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .......................... ............ Page 22 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Keyboard assignments Shift Tab : The shift tab key sends a backspace character (ASCII 8) to the host. Emulates the VT100/102 BACKSPACE key. If you want the IBM PC backspace key to send a BACKSPACE (ASCII 8) you can change this on the SETUP B display. CTRL-ENTER : This key combination sends a line feed character to the host. CTRL-@ : This key combination sends a NUL character (ASCII 0) to the host. Used by Emacs running on DEC VAX. SCROLL LOCK : The SCROLL LOCK key on IBM PC alternately sends XON and XOFF and emulates the NO SCROLL key on the VT100/102. PC-VT displays the word "SCR" on the status line of the display to remind you that the SCROLL LOCK key has been depressed once. Depressing the key again resets SCROLL LOCK and clears the reminder. NUM LOCK : The NUM LOCK key places the IBM PC keypad in numeric mode. The NUM LOCK key functions locally in the PC only and does not transmit any characters to the host computer. PC-VT displays the word "NUM" on the status line of the display to remind you that the NUM LOCK key has been depressed once. Depressing the key again resets NUM LOCK and clears the reminder. CAPS LOCK : The CAPS LOCK key places the IBM PC keyboard in uppercase mode. The CAPS LOCK key functions locally in the PC only and does not transmit any characters to the host computer. PC-VT displays the word "CAP" on the status line of the display to remind you that the CAPS LOCK key has been depressed once. Depressing the key again resets CAPS LOCK and clears the reminder. CTRL-F1 : PC-VT enters the SETUP display. See Chapter 6. CTRL-F2 : This command lets you change the default directory for uploading and downloading files. See Chapter 8. CTRL-F3 : Receive a file (ASCII or XMODEM). See Chapter 8. CTRL-F4 : Transmit a file (ASCII or XMODEM). See Chapter 8. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 23 Keyboard assignments PC-VT v8.1 CTRL-F5 : Print screen. The screen is printed on the selected line printer (LPT1 or LPT2), if present. The line printer is selected in the SETUP B display. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ i" sequence. If the Print Termination Character is set in the SETUP B display, a Form Feed will be performed after the screen is printed. CTRL-F6 : Echo to selected line printer (LPT1 or LPT2). Toggles On/Off echoing to the selected line printer, if present. The line printer is selected in the SETUP B display. Prints all characters received or transmitted to/from the host. Characters displayed on the status line (line 25) are never printed. Performs the same function as receipt of "ESC [ ? 5 i" and "ESC [ ? 4 i" sequences. A 'P' is displayed in column 42 of the status line to remind you that printer echo is on. CTRL-F7 : To send a sustained break to the host, type CTRL-F7. Confirmation of the operation is a click at the start of the break along with another click at the end of the operation. If the disconnect character feature is selected in the SETUP B display, PC-VT sends an EOT character (ASCII 4) before it sends the break. CTRL-F8 : Terminates PC-VT and returns to DOS. CTRL-F9 : Enters the DIALING display. See Chapter 9 for instructions. CTRL-F10 : Complete restart. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC c" sequence. All features and tab stops are reloaded from the USER MEMORY disk file. PC-VT then restarts. ALT-K : Enters the Macro display. See Chapter 11 for instructions. ALT-H : Enters the HELP display. The screen is saved and later restored if you are running DOS 2.+ or later and if enough memory is available. Once you are in the HELP display, use the PgDn key to look at the next HELP page, use the PgUp key to look at the previous HELP page key, and use the Esc key to exit HELP and return to the emulator. Page 24 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 SETUP Displays Chapter 6 SETUP Displays The SETUP displays are accessed by typing CTRL-F1 from the communications display. SETUP A is entered first. The contents of the communications display are preserved and are restored when you exit SETUP. The SETUP display can also used to cancel PC-VT. The CTRL-C and CTRL-BREAK keys are disabled while in the communications display. To cancel PC-VT, type CTRL-F1 to enter this display and then type CTRL-C or CTRL-BREAK. 6.1 SETUP A The SETUP A display is used to perform the functions listed below. The bottom two lines of the display represent the tab stops which are set. The bottom line counts the columns and the line above it shows a "T" in each column where a tab is set. Here are the functions available in SETUP A: Exit SETUP : The ESC key or the CTRL-F1 key combination returns PC-VT to the communications display. Reset : The "0" key clears the tabs and features and reloads them from the USER MEMORY disk file, PARAMS.DAT, on the default drive. PC-VT then returns to the communications display. Set/Clear Tabs : The "2" key sets or clears a tab at the column position of the cursor. The left and right arrows, the tab key, the space bar, and the ENTER key can be used to move the cursor to the column in which you want to set or clear the tab. A "T" will appear to indicate that a tab was set or the "T" will be blanked to indicate that a tab was cleared. In either case, the character will be highlited to indicate that a change was made. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 25 SETUP Displays PC-VT v8.1 Clear All Tabs : The "3" key clears all tab stops. All of the "T" tab stop indicators will be cleared. Go to SETUP B : The "5" key selects the SETUP B display. Store into USER MEMORY : The "shift S" key stores all currently set tab stops and features selected by SETUP B into a disk file on the PC-DOS default drive. The name of the file is PARAMS.DAT. Reset : The "shift R" key clears the tabs and features and reloads them from the USER MEMORY disk file, PARAMS.DAT, on the default drive. PC-VT remains in the SETUP A display. Select General Default : The "shift D" key clears any user set tabs and features (from SETUP B) and resets them to PC-VT defined defaults. Select Tab Default : The "shift T" key clears any user set tabs and resets them to every 8 columns as follows: Columns 9, 17, 25, 33, 41, 49, 57, 65, and 73. A "T" will appear in each of these columns on the second line from the bottom of the SETUP A display to indicate that a tab is set. Incr/Decr Line Turnaround Character = xx (ASCII : y): This character is used in conjunction with ASCII file upload. When uploading, PC-VT can be told to wait for this character (the =t option) to be sent by the Host before PC-VT sends the next line. For our purposes, a line ends when a carriage return (ASCII 13) is uploaded. The value of xx is the decimal value of the character, and y is the actual ASCII character. The character is not displayed if it is less than 32 or equal to 255. The "shift L" key will increment this value and the "shift K" will decrement it. You must execute a "store into USER MEMORY" command to save the new value of this character on disk. Otherwise, the next time that you start PC-VT, the original value is restored. The first time that PC-VT starts, this character is set to the dollar sign character, decimal 36. Page 26 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 SETUP Displays 6.2 SETUP B The SETUP B display is used to perform the functions listed below. The bottom line of the display represents the features which are set or reset. See the next section for details of the features. The number of data bits and the parity type are displayed. The COM port speed is displayed. The selected COM port is displayed. LPTx is displayed to indicate the selected line printer (either LPT1 or LPT2). Here are the functions available in SETUP B: Exit SETUP : Hit the ESC key or type CTRL-F1 to exit SETUP B and return to the communications display. Go to SETUP A : The "5" key selects the SETUP A display. Toggle 1/0 : The "6" key sets(1) or resets(0) a feature at the column position of the cursor. The left and right arrows, the tab key, the space bar, and the ENTER key can be used to move the cursor to the column which you want to set or clear the feature. Features displayed with an "X" are set to an automatic default and cannot be changed. Other features will change from a "1" to a "0" or from a "0" to a "1" to indicate that the state of the feature has been changed. The digit will be highlited to indicate that a change was made. To preserve these features in your USER MEMORY disk file you must perform a "shift S - Store into USER MEMORY" command in the SETUP A display. Otherwise, the old values will be reloaded when you again start up PC-VT. COM Port Selection : COM1 or COM2 can be selected by flipping the 4th bit of the 6th group of feature bits shown on the bottom of the SETUP B display. The word COM1 or COM2 will display next to the word MODEM on this display to indicate which RS232 port is in use by PC-VT. If you want to change ports, just go to SETUP B display, space over to the 4th bit of the 6th group and then type the "6" key. This will cause the 1 or 0 in the feature bit to flip. Then return to the SETUP A display by typing "5" and store the new value into USER MEMORY by typing Shift-"s". Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 27 SETUP Displays PC-VT v8.1 Modem Speed Control : The "7" key causes PC-VT to display the various Modem speeds supported. The currently selected speed is displayed under the MODEM title on the CRT. Type the "7" key repeatedly until the speed you need is displayed. The new speed selected will be highlited to indicate that a change was made. The supported speeds are: 100 baud 150 baud 300 baud 600 baud 1200 baud (default) 2400 baud 4800 baud 9600 baud To preserve this speed selection in your USER MEMORY disk file you must perform a "shift S - Store into USER MEMORY" command in the SETUP A display. Otherwise, the old values will be reloaded when you again start up PC-VT. Select Data/Parity Bits : The "shift P" key causes PC-VT to display the various data bits/parity bits supported. The currently selected Data bits/Parity bits combination is displayed on the CRT under the MODEM title. Type the "shift P" key repeatedly until the data bits/parity bits combination you need is displayed. The new selection will be highlited to indicate that a change was made. The supported combinations are: 7O 7 data bits - odd parity 7E 7 data bits - even parity 7N 7 data bits - no parity 8O 8 data bits - odd parity 8E 8 data bits - even parity 8N 8 data bits - no parity (default) To preserve these Data bit/Parity bit combinations in your USER MEMORY disk file you must perform a "shift S - Store into USER MEMORY" - command in the SETUP A display. Otherwise, the old values will be reloaded when you again start up PC-VT. If you are running a 212A modem, certain of the data bits/parity/stop bit combinations are invalid. Check your modem manual for the valid combinations. Note that actual parity checking is enabled by setting a feature in this display. Parity checking defaults to off. Page 28 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 SETUP Displays Set Answerback Message : The "shift A" key permits you to enter a message with which PC-VT will use to respond to an Enquire control character. Any character with an ASCII code from 0 to 127 can be entered in this message (Including the use of the ALT key and the keypad to enter special characters). To enter the message, type "shift A". PC-VT will display the prompt "A=". The prompt will be highlited and blinking. You may then type in the message. The first character typed is considered a delimiter by PC-VT. This character must not be present in the answerback message itself and is used only to bracket the message since control characters like carriage return can be part of the message. Following the message, type the delimiter character and the message will be stored in memory. If you make a typing mistake, you must type the delimiter character and start the process over again. This is because the backspace key will not act as a text editor but will actually be entered as part of the answerback message. While you are entering this message, non-displayable characters will be shown as a diamond. The message will be highlited to indicate that a change is being made. To preserve this message in your USER MEMORY disk file you must perform a "shift S - Store into USER MEMORY" - command in the SETUP A display. Otherwise, the old message, if any, will be reloaded when you again start up PC-VT. The default answerback message is null, that is, nothing is transmitted in response to an Enquire control character. 6.2.1 SETUP B Features and Defaults The SETUP B display is used to select features of PC-VT. The features are listed below along with their defaults. The procedures for changing and saving these features was described in the first part of this subsection. Group 1 Default Value X = feature is not supported Scroll X The IBM PC does not support smooth scroll. Auto Repeat 1 0 = Disable autorepeat. PC-VT can only approximate this function since Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 29 SETUP Displays PC-VT v8.1 it is handled within the keyboard. 1 = Enable autorepeat (default). Screen 0 0 = dark background (default) Background 1 = light background Cursor 0 0 = underline cursor (default) 1 = block cursor Group 2 Default Value X = feature is not supported Margin Bell 0 Select margin bell. 0 = Off 1 = On If this feature is turned on, PC-VT will beep the speaker each time that the cursor enters column 72 from column 71 under control of the keyboard or the host. This feature is best used when entering text from the keyboard. Any other use may cause unpredictable results especially in full screen modes. Key Click X Key Click is not supported. ANSI/VT52 1 Select terminal mode. 0 = VT52 compatibility mode. 1 = ANSI mode (default). That is, either VT100 or VT102 depending on the setting of the bit in Group 6 below. Auto XON/XOFF 1 0 = XOFF is ignored. PC-VT's buffer may overflow without warning or indication. 1 = XOFF stops PC-VT from transmitting. PC-VT stops transmitting characters when an XOFF is received and will transmit an XOFF when 75% of its receive buffer is full (1536 characters). It will then transmit XON when the buffer has been emptied to 10% full (204 characters). If the host ignores the XOFF character and continues to send, PC-VT will display a '#' character to indicate that data has been lost. When PC-VT receives an XOFF, an 'X' is displayed in column 41 of the status line. If you try to type a character when the 'X' is displayed, PC-VT beep and reject the character. See the 'alt-x' key definition in the appendix for more details. Page 30 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 SETUP Displays (default) Group 3 Default Value X = feature is not supported Character Set 0 0 = Select US Characters. The US character set is selected as the default (default). 1 = Select UK Characters. The UK character set is selected as the default. (Note that the only difference between the two is the shift 3 character. In the US set, it is the "#" sign. In the UK set, it is the UK Pound sign.) Auto Wrap 0 0 = Auto wrap off. If the cursor is at the right margin and another character is received, PC-VT displays that character and all following received characters at the right margin position effectively writing over one another (default). 1 = Auto wrap on - If the cursor is at the right margin and another character is received, PC-VT will perform a carriage return and line feed before displaying that character. Line Feed / 0 0 = LF/NL off - Typing ENTER New Line sends only a carriage return to the host. The host must echo a carriage return and line feed to move the cursor to the beginning of the next line (default). 1 = LF/NL on - Typing ENTER sends both a carriage return and a line feed to the host. A line feed is processed just like a carriage return. Local Echo 0 0 = Local echo off. - The host must echo back all typed characters in order for them to be displayed on the screen (default). 1 = Local echo on - PC-VT will automatically display all characters typed. The host need not echo them back. Group 4 Default Value Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 31 SETUP Displays PC-VT v8.1 X = feature is not supported Print 1 0 = none - No control characters Termination are sent to the line printer following Character a print screen operation. 1 = Form feed - A form feed is sent to the line printer following a print screen operation (default). Print Extent 1 0 = Scrolling region - A print screen operation will print the scrolling region as set by the host computer only. 1 = Full screen - A print screen operation will print the entire screen (default). Stop Bits 0 0 = 1 stop bit is used by the RS232 interface (default). 1 = 2 stop bits are used by the RS232 interface. Receive Parity 0 0 = Parity on received data is not checked (default). 1 = Parity checking is enabled. PC-VT displays a '!' character in place of the character with the bad parity. Group 5 Default Value X = feature is not supported Backspace 0 0 = Send the backspace key as 7Fh (ASCII 127) - the VT10x DELETE key (default). 1 = Send the backspace key as 08h - the IBM PC standard. When you are doing this, you can still send a DEL (ASCII 127) by typing ALT = . (Press the Alt key and the equal sign key at the same time.) Disconnect 0 0 = Terminal ignores the Character disconnect character (default). Enable 1 = If PC-VT receives the disconnect character ( an EOT with an ASCII value of 4), it transmits a sustained Break and disconnects from the host computer. Disconnect X Not supported. Delay Page 32 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 SETUP Displays Auto X Not supported. This feature does Answerback not affect transmission of the Enable answer back message if a control character 5 (Enquire) is received. Group 6 Default Value X = feature is not supported Line Printer 0 0 = LPT1 is selected (default). 1 = LPT2 is selected. Buffer Size 1 0 = Use a 256 byte communications buffer. 1 = Use a 2048 byte communications buffer. (default) Use of the larger buffer will cause fewer XON/XOFF sequences between PC-VT and the host. It will also slow the response to CTRL-C, CTRL-O and CTRL-Y commands. For some text editors which do not use XON/XOFF, the larger buffer size works better. Terminal type 0 0 = PC-VT emulates a VT102 (default). 1 = PC-VT emulates a VT100. COM Port 0 0 = PC-VT uses COM1 as the communications port (default). 1 = PC-VT uses COM2 as the communications port. Group 7 Default Value X = feature is not supported Power X Not under PC-VT control. WPS Terminal X Not yet supported. Keyboard Clock 1 0 = Do not display the clock and MODEM status on the Status Line. 1 = Display the time of day clock and MODEM status on the Status Line (default). 256 Char 0 0 = If 8 bit data is selected for receive, the 8th bit is cleared to binary zero if it is on received data. PC-VT will display characters only from the first 128 ASCII codes. (XMODEM always uses all 8 bits.) (default) Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 33 SETUP Displays PC-VT v8.1 1 = If 8 bit data is selected for receive, the 8th bit is interpreted as the high order bit of an 8 bit ASCII character. this permits 256 character codes to be displayed on the screen. This is NOT a VT function and the use of this option may cause unreliable results. Page 34 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 The PARAMS.DAT File Chapter 7 The PARAMS.DAT File PC-VT maintains a USER MEMORY file on disk. This file is used to record user selected features and tab stops. The file is read each time that you start up PC-VT so your selected configuration is restored each time. If this version of PC-VT is a replacement for an older version which you may have, you should delete the old PARAMS.DAT file and let PC-VT create you another copy. The older version of PARAMS.DAT may not be compatible with the enhancements in the newer versions of PC-VT. The latest versions of PC-VT will not even start up with old versions of the PARAMS.DAT file. It will display a message indicating that the old file should be deleted. Just delete the old file and restart PC-VT. You will have to reset the baud rate and any other options which you had set since PC-VT sets these to default values when it creates the new PARAMS.DAT file. 7.1 Creation The file is automatically created with default values as defined throughout this document if the file does not exist on the default drive. The diskette supplied with the package has a default copy of the file. 7.2 Location The file name is PARAMS.DAT. The file is created in the directory pointed to by the 'PC-VT=' string in the environment. If there is no such string in the environment or you are using DOS 1.0 or 1.1, the file is created on the PC-DOS default drive. The chapter on starting PC-VT describes how to use this string. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 35 The PARAMS.DAT File PC-VT v8.1 7.3 Updating The file is rewritten upon request while in the SETUP A display. 7.4 Error Messages There are several messages generated by PC-VT while manipulating this file. "New USER MEMORY File Created": PC-VT could not find PARAMS.DAT on the default disk drive so it created a file with the default feature selections and tab stops. PC-VT continues. "Disk Directory Full": PC-VT could not find space in the directory of the default disk drive when it tried to create the PARAMS.DAT file. PC-VT terminates. "Disk Full While Writing USER MEMORY File": PC-VT ran out of space on the default disk drive while creating the PARAMS.DAT file. PC-VT terminates. "Disk Swap Error - See User Manual": PC-VT found a different diskette in the default drive from the time that the directory entry was created and the file PARAMS.DAT was written. Since the time between these two events is very small, this error message indicates a severe hardware or system failure. PC-VT terminates. This error should never happen if PC-VT is run from a fixed disk. "Error While Opening USER MEMORY File": PC-VT failed to successfully open the PARAMS.DAT file on the default disk. This usually means that the disk directory has been damaged. PC-VT terminates. Page 36 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 The PARAMS.DAT File "USER MEMORY File Access Error": An error occurred while reading the PARAMS.DAT file from the default disk. Usually means that the file has been accidentally overwritten. PC-VT terminates. "Can't find PARAMS.DAT. F1 to cancel, space to try again.": This usually means that the default diskette drive is empty or the door is open. Correct the situation and hit the space key to continue. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 37 Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v8.1 Chapter 8 Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT has complete transmitting (upload) and receiving (download) facilities. These facilities are accessed using the CTRL-F4 and CTRL-F3 keys. These keys can be activated whenever you are in the communications display. PC-VT performs these functions on any ASCII character or binary file. The Binary file transfer uses the XMODEM protocol and must be over a communications line set at 8 data bits, no parity, and 1 stop bit( PC-VT will automatically switch the communications line to 8-N-1 before it starts an XMODEM transfer and will restore your value when the transfer is complete). XMODEM can be used to transfer ASCII files for greater error detection capability. Both the ASCII and XMODEM protocols are compatible with RBBS software. In the descriptions which follow, the computer referred to as the host, is assumed to be a VAX-11 running VMS. All references to an IBM PC filename include a drive letter, the path, the filename and the file extension, for example - a:\usr\bin\file.ext. If no drive letter or path is given, PC-VT will access the current PC-DOS default directory. You can change the default drive and directory by typing CTRL-F2. See the last section in this chapter for details. If you are not running DOS 2.0 or later, you must enter the filenames with only a drive letter. 8.1 Transmitting ASCII Files (Uploading) To transmit or upload an ASCII file to the host, the host must be set to receive the file and then PC-VT can be told to transmit it. The host computer can be told to execute a program which reads the terminal or more simply, the VMS COPY command can be used. Once you have started PC-VT and logged on to the host, you will see the "$" command line prompt. You can use the COPY command as follows: Page 38 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Transmitting and Receiving Files COPY TT: <filename> The host will then wait for characters to be transmitted by the terminal. To request PC-VT to start uploading, type CTRL-F4. You will be prompted for the name of the PC file to upload. Type the filename followed by ENTER. Typing just ENTER cancels the transmit request. If PC-VT finds the file as specified, it will transmit it to the host. If the file is not found, you will be prompted again for the filename. At the end of the file, PC-VT asks if you want a CTRL-Z (ASCII code 26) sent to the host. The CTRL-Z will terminate the VMS COPY command. An upper or lower case "y" must be typed followed by ENTER to send the CTRL-Z. PC-VT strips all Line Feed characters (ASCII code 10) before it transmits the file. All other characters are transmitted. PC-VT detects the end of the PC file by looking for a CTRL-Z as it reads the disk file. A very useful feature of this routine, is that it handles XOFF/XON characters received from the host during the uploading. This prevents the host from losing data if it is busy. The host will send an XOFF if its buffer is filling. PC-VT will automatically stop transmitting until a XON is received indicating that the host has emptied its buffer. You should be sure that this feature is enabled under your logon on the VMS system. To do this, use the VMS SET command: SET TERMINAL /HOSTSYNC This command should be put in your LOGIN.COM file unless your VMS system sets this feature as a default. If you wish to cancel the transmission while the file is being transmitted, simply type CTRL-F4 at any time. PC-VT will prompt with the CTRL-Z message and then terminate the upload. PC-VT ignores all other keys typed during an upload. If you don't request the transmission of a CTRL-Z, you can type CTRL-F4 again and send another file. The new file transmitted will be read by the same COPY command entered earlier. You can use this to append many files to one another as you transmit them. In addition, the host can cancel the upload if it needs to. If the host sends a CTRL-Z (ASCII 26) while PC-VT is doing an ASCII file upload, PC-VT will immediately cancel the upload. There are several messages generated by PC-VT while transmitting a file: Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 39 Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v8.1 "Current default directory is >": The current default directory is displayed. For DOS 1.1 users, this is just the default drive. "Drive d: xxxxxx bytes free": The number of free bytes on the default drive is displayed. This is displayed only if you are using DOS 2.0 or later. "Enter Name of the PC File to Transmit [d:][path][filename[.ext]][={x,c,t}] (Press ENTER to cancel upload and return to emulator):": PC-VT is asking for the name of the PC file to transmit. Type the filename in the standard PC-DOS format and press ENTER. Typing just ENTER cancels the transmitting routine. If your DOS supports path names, they can be used here. If you do not specify a drive or path, PC-VT will access the default directory. The default directory can be changed with the CTRL-F2 command. See the last section in this chapter for details. The =x and =c options start up the XMODEM protocol. The =t option starts up file transfer with handshaking. These are both explained below. "Should a CTRL-Z be transmitted? (y or n) :": PC-VT detects CTRL-Z as an end of file indicator and does not transmit that code to the host unless you respond positively to this query. Type an upper or lower case "y" followed by ENTER and PC-VT will transmit a CTRL-Z. If you type any other character or just ENTER, CTRL-Z will not be transmitted. With this feature, CTRL-F4 can be activated again and several PC files can be concatenated into one host file. "Transmission Complete": File uploading is complete. "Transmission Canceled": A CTRL-F4 was typed during a file transmission. The uploading is immediately canceled. "Filename is not in correct format": The filename entered in response to the filename inquiry is not a valid DOS filename. You may re-enter the filename. "File not found as specified": PC-VT could not find the file on the specified Page 40 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Transmitting and Receiving Files disk. Usually caused by either the wrong drive letter, directory or a mistyped filename. You may re-enter the filename. 8.1.1 Uploading with Handshake If you append an "=t" on the end of the filename when you type it in, PC-VT will upload the ASCII file as described above except that the program will wait for a turnaround character before it sends the next line. The turnaround character is set in the SETUP-A display. This feature is useful if the host is not buffered. PC-VT won't send any characters until the host has processed the last line transmitted and prompts for another line. This turnaround character is sometimes called a bypass character. For a typical VAX system you may want to set this to a linefeed (ASCII 10) or a dollar sign (ASCII 36) which is the default value for PC-VT. In addition, a CTRL-Z is not transmitted at the end of the file. This upload as well as the regular ASCII upload can be canceled by typing CTRL-F4. Other keys are ignored while the upload is in progress. Operation is as follows: you initiate the upload by pressing CTRL-F4. You give PC-VT the filename with the "=t" appended. PC-VT sends the first line of the file up to a carriage return (ASCII 13). PC-VT then waits until the host sends the turnaround character. PC-VT then sends the next line of the file up to a carriage return and so on. Following the last line of the file, the keyboard is enabled again for you to type to the host. Two dynamic features make this easier to use: 1. The turnaround character can be changed in the middle of an uploaded file. To do this, as you are creating the file enter an ASCII 1 into the file followed by the new turnaround character. The ASCII 1 (a control A) signals PC-VT that the next character read from the file is be to set as the new turnaround character. Neither the ASCII 1 nor the new turnaround character is sent to the host. This new turnaround character will be visible in the SETUP A display. This does mean that you cannot have an ASCII 1 in any uploaded text handshake file but that should not be a problem since ASCII 1 is rarely used in a text file. 2. An ASCII 2 (a control B) in the file signals PC-VT to wait for 1 second before proceeding to the next character. This is a "pause" feature. You can have as many of these characters in a row as you like to make up longer pauses. The ASCII 2 is not sent to the host. This also means that you cannot have an ASCII 2 in any upload text handshake file but that should not be a problem since ASCII 2 is rarely used in a text file. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 41 Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v8.1 The scanning for these two special control characters only takes place if you started the upload with the "=t" option. If you started a regular upload, that is with no option, these characters are uploaded just like all others and the handshake is disabled. If while you are setting up your files, you make a mistake and PC-VT is waiting for prompt which will never occur, just press CTRL-F4 and PC-VT returns to normal keyboard input mode. 8.1.2 Example of a transmission session This is typical of what you would see and type to transmit a file to the host. $ copy tt: up.fil "press the CTRL-F4 key" Current default directory is >a:\usr\me\pcvt Drive a: 3435423 bytes free Enter Name of the PC File to Transmit [d:][path][filename[.ext]][={x,c,t}] (Press ENTER to cancel upload and return to emulator) b:\mydire\pc.asc "Now the PC file named b:\mydire\pc.asc is transmitted, you will see the file displayed on the CRT as it is echoed back from the host. The path name is accepted only if you are running PC-DOS 2.0 or later." Should a CTRL-Z be transmitted? (y or n) : y "A CTRL-Z is sent to the host." Transmission complete ^Z "The host file named up.fil is closed. The host COPY command is terminated." $ 8.1.3 A Useful VAX .COM Upload file This simplified upload facility will upload a file from a PC disk file to a VAX system running VMS. Create a file on the VAX system named "pcup.com" consisting of the following commands: $ on error then goto err1 $ on control_y then goto ctrl $ if p1.eqs."" then - inquire p1 "Enter Name of VAX File to Contain Uploaded Data " $ if p1 .eqs. "" then goto ctrl $ set term/nobroad Page 42 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Transmitting and Receiving Files $ write sys$output "<ESC>[?22h" $ copy tt: 'p1' $ exit: $ set term/broad $ exit $ err1: $ write sys$output "A VAX error has occurred. Please try again." $ ctrl: $ write sys$output "Upload Canceled." $ goto exit The symbol <ESC> is the ESCAPE character 27. Once you have started PC-VT on the PC and you have logged onto a VAX, upload files from the PC to the VAX by: 1. type this in response to the "$" VMS prompt: @pcup <filename> 2. If you did not enter the filename on the command line, the facility will ask you for the name of the VAX file which you wish to create with the uploaded data (include directory information if needed) for example :dra1:[user1.dire.lev2 z.com ] If you just press ENTER, the upload is canceled. 3. the facility will ask you for the name of the PC file which you wish to upload (include disk drive letter if needed) for example : zzzzz.com If you just press ENTER, the upload is canceled. 4. the rest is automatic. The data will display on the PC's CRT as it is echoed. The upload is complete when the "$" VMS prompt appears. 5. To abort the upload before it is complete, type: CTRL-F4 The VAX file will contain whatever data was uploaded to the point where you aborted the upload. You may see some extra characters displayed on the CRT screen, this is just the communications buffer emptying. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 43 Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v8.1 8.2 Transmitting Binary Files (Uploading) PC-VT supports the XMODEM protocol for binary or ASCII file transfer. Support is included for both checksum error checking compatible with PC-TALKIII and for Cyclic Redundancy Code (CRC) error checking. This transfer method requires that the host computer be capable of handling this protocol. To run XMODEM, start up the host XMODEM program and then follow the instructions for transmitting ASCII files but include "=x" after the filename("=c" is equivalent for transmit). The XMODEM module is automatically started and the transfer proceeds without further intervention. The transfer is started in checksum mode, the receiver has the option of switching to CRC mode. PC-VT will automatically change the communications to 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (8-N-1) if you are not already set at that protocol. PC-VT will then restore the protocol to your default value when the XMODEM transfer is complete. To cancel the transfer while it is progress, type CTRL-X. This may require a few seconds to take effect because PC-VT must gracefully terminate the protocol. Refer to already published texts for details on the XMODEM protocol. 8.3 Receiving ASCII Files (Downloading) To receive an ASCII file, PC-VT must be told to start receiving and then the host must be told to transmit it. To activate Receive File, type CTRL-F3. This can be done at any time in the communications display. PC-VT will ask for the filename on which to write the received characters. Just typing ENTER terminates the receive request. If the file already exists, PC-VT will ask if you wish to overwrite it. If you type "y" followed by ENTER, PC-VT deletes the old file and starts to create another. Once Receive File (or downloading) is activated, and a Line Feed character is received, ALL further characters received from the host except 00H and 7FH are written onto the disk file. You can now tell the host to type out a file and PC-VT will write it onto the IBM PC disk. To VMS, type: Page 44 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Transmitting and Receiving Files Type <filename> (PC-VT does not write out data to disk until a Line Feed is received in order to permit you to enter the "Type" command. This prevents the "Type" command from being written to the file.) When you wish to terminate Receive File, simply type CTRL-F3 again. PC-VT closes the disk file and resumes normal mode. Note that since PC-VT cannot tell the difference between a file and any other characters sent by the host, all characters (except as noted - 00H and 7FH) received go onto the disk file. This includes ESCAPE sequences and all VMS command language interaction. This can be a useful feature if you are programming with some of these sequences and your program is not working correctly. PC-VT preserves these characters on disk for your inspection. Once the file is closed, you will have to exit from PC-VT and enter a text editor to strip off any unwanted characters from the file. PC-VT puts an End of File indicator at the end of the disk file before it closes the file. For the IBM PC this is a CTRL-Z character, ASCII code 26. As a reminder, "RCV" is displayed on line 25 while Receive File is active. The receipt of a CTRL-Z character will terminate Receive File and close the received file. If you type CTRL-BREAK to terminate PC-VT, the received file is closed as if a CTRL-Z character was received. Receive File terminates if it runs out of disk space for the downloaded file. The last block (up to 512 characters) received is lost and no CTRL-Z - End of File indicator is written. The file, however, is closed. There are several messages generated by PC-VT while receiving a file: "Current default directory is >": The current default directory is displayed. For DOS 1.1 users, this is just the default drive. "Drive d: xxxxxx bytes free": The number of free bytes on the default drive is displayed. This is displayed only if you are using DOS 2.0 or later. "Enter Name of the PC File to Receive [d:][path][filename[.ext]][={x,c}] (Press ENTER to cancel download and return to emulator):": PC-VT is asking for the name of the PC file to receive. Type the filename in the standard Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 45 Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v8.1 PC-DOS format and press ENTER. Typing just ENTER cancels the receiving routine. If your DOS supports path names, they can be used here. If you do not specify a drive or path, PC-VT will access the default directory. The default directory can be changed with the CTRL-F2 command. See the last section in this chapter for details. "Filename is not in correct format": The filename entered in response to the filename inquiry is not in the standard PC-DOS format. You may re-enter the filename. "Insert diskette with received file. Press ENTER to continue....": PC-VT found a different diskette in the disk drive than the one it opened the download file on. Replace the original diskette in the drive and press the ENTER key. "File already exists. Do you want to overwrite it? (y or n)": The filename which you entered already exists. If you respond with a lower or upper case "Y" followed by the ENTER key, PC-VT will delete the file and create a new one with the same name. Any other response, preserves the file and receive file is canceled. "File is being overwritten": PC-VT confirms that the old file has been deleted and a new file is being created. "Not enough directory space. Receive terminated": PC-VT could not create the file because the directory on the specified diskette was full ,the file was marked read-only, or the path specified is invalid. "Disk full. Receive terminated": PC-VT ran out of space on the disk. The file already written is closed. A CTRL-Z is not placed at the end of the file. The last block (up to 512 characters) received is lost. 8.3.1 Example of a receive session This is typical of what you would see and type to receive a file from the host. Comments are quoted. Page 46 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Transmitting and Receiving Files $ "press the CTRL-F3 key" Current default directory is >a: Drive a: 32234 bytes free Enter Name of the PC File to Receive [d:][path][filename[.ext]][={x,c}] (Press ENTER to cancel download and return to emulator) b:receive.txt "RCV is displayed on line 25 and any characters sent by the host are copied to the PC disk file." type host.dat "The host file named host.dat is received by PC-VT and placed on the PC disk file named b:receive.txt." $ "press the CTRL-F3 key" "The file is closed and RCV is cleared from line 25." 8.3.2 A Useful VAX .COM Download file This simplified Download facility will download a file from a VAX system running VMS to a PC disk file. Create a file on the VAX system named "pcdown.com" consisting of the following commands: $ on error then goto err2 $ on control_y then goto ctrl $ if p1.eqs."" then - inquire p1 "Enter Name of VAX File to Download " $ if p1 .eqs. "" then goto ctrl $ open for008 'p1'/error=err1 $ close for008 $ set term/nobroad $ write sys$output "<ESC>[?21h" $ copy 'p1' tt: $ write sys$output "^Z" $ exit: $ set term/broad $ exit $ err1: $ write sys$output "VAX File Not Found." $ ctrl: $ write sys$output "Download Canceled." $ goto exit $ err2: $ write sys$output "A VAX error has occurred, Please try again." $ goto ctrl The symbol <ESC> is the ESCAPE character 27. The symbol ^Z is the CTRL-Z character 26. Once you have started PC-VT on the PC and you have logged onto a VAX, download files from the VAX to the PC by: Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 47 Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v8.1 1. type this in response to the "$" VMS prompt: @pcdown <filename> 2. If you did not enter the filename on the command line, the facility will ask you for the name of the VAX file which you wish to download (include directory information if needed) for example : [upload xmit.com ] If you just press ENTER, the download is canceled. 3. the facility will ask you for the name of the PC file which you wish to create with the downloaded data (include disk drive letter if needed) for example : a:pcfile.dat If you just press ENTER, the download is canceled. If the name which you give for the PC file already exists, PC-VT ask if you want to overwrite the file. If you answer "y", all the new data will replace the old data on the PC file. If you answer "n" or just press ENTER, the download is canceled. 4. the rest is automatic. The data will display on the PC's CRT while it is being downloaded. The download is complete when the "$" VMS prompt appears. 5. To abort the download before it is complete, type: CTRL-F3 The PC file will contain whatever data was downloaded to the point where you aborted the download. You may see some extra output on the CRT screen, this is just the communications buffer emptying. 8.4 Receiving Binary Files (Downloading) PC-VT supports the XMODEM protocol for binary or ASCII file transfer. Support is included for both checksum error checking compatible with PC-TALKIII and for Cyclic Redundancy Code(CRC) error checking. This transfer method requires that the host computer be capable of handling this protocol. Page 48 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Transmitting and Receiving Files To run XMODEM, start up the host XMODEM program and then follow the instructions for receiving ASCII files but include "=x" after the filename for checksum mode or "=c" for CRC mode. The XMODEM module is automatically started and the transfer proceeds without further intervention. Since PC-VT is the receiver, you have the option of selecting the error checking mode. Checksum mode will detect all burst errors of less than 8 bits in length and 99.6% of all burst errors longer than 8 bits. CRC mode will detect all single and double bit errors, all errors with an odd number of bits, all burst errors of length 16 or less and 99.997% of all 17 bit and longer bursts. The CRC supported is the CCITT recommended x^16 + x^12 + x^5 + 1. PC-VT will automatically change the communications to 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (8-N-1) if you are not already set at that protocol. PC-VT will then restore the protocol to your default value when the XMODEM transfer is complete. To cancel the transfer while it is progress, type CTRL-X. This may require a few seconds to take effect because PC-VT must gracefully terminate the protocol. PC-VT does not delete the partial file already created on disk but closes it and leaves it for you to examine and delete. Refer to already published texts for details on the XMODEM protocol. 8.5 Changing the Default Directory For users of PC-DOS version 2.0 or later, PC-VT supports path names. PC-VT will access the default drive and path unless you explicitly enter them. You can change the default values by typing CTRL-F2 from the communications display. PC-VT will display the current default, ask for the new default, and then display the complete new default path. The input to this command follows the syntax for the CHDIR command to DOS. The amount of free space on the default drive is also displayed. Here is what you would see and type: Current default directory is >c:\level1 Drive c: 34543 bytes free Enter new default directory [[d:][\][dirname][\dirname[...]]] >level2 ;here you type the change Default directory is now >c:\level1\level2 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 49 Transmitting and Receiving Files PC-VT v8.1 Drive c: 34543 bytes free When you type in the new directory, you can enter the change just as you would enter a change to the CHDIR command: - a drive letter followed by a ":" will change the drive only (since DOS remembers the path associated with each disk drive, the default directory will be set to whatever path had been active on the specified drive) - b: - a path name starting at the root - a:\mydir\nextdir - the root - a:\ - a directory name starting at the current directory - nextdir If the path is illegal or not found, an error message is displayed. Page 50 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 DIALING Display Chapter 9 DIALING Display The DIALING display is accessed by typing CTRL-F9 from the communications display. If you have a Color/Graphics card, the content of the communications display is preserved and is restored when you exit DIALING. If you have a Monochrome card, the communications display is cleared when you exit DIALING. 9.1 Instructions for DIALING The DIALING display is used to handle Hayes or Hayes compatible modems. The display can hold 10 names and phone numbers. Each entry is broken into two fields. A name can be typed in columns 1 to 20. This is for your information only. PC-VT does not use this information but it is stored on the disk file. The dialing commands and phone number can be stored in columns 21 to 70. The "!" above column 21 is to remind you that, when dialing, PC-VT sends the data in columns 21 thru 70 to the modem as the dialing command. When PC-VT starts up, it looks for a Dialing Directory on the default drive or the drive and directory pointed to by the environment string 'PC-VT='. If it does not find one, PC-VT creates a blank directory. The name field is filled with dashes. The command field contains "ATDT" in the first four columns and is then filled with spaces. The first thing that you need to do is enter the name of the number's owner. You can use the cursor keys, the Enter key, the Tab key, the Home key and the End key to position the cursor to any line. The "Ins" key will insert a space at the cursor position and the "Del" key will delete a character at the cursor position. Move the cursor to column 1 and type in the name. It should not go past column 20. Then to enter the phone number, move the cursor to column 24 using the TAB key and type in the number. The new directory can be saved by pressing the F4 key. The number can be dialed by pressing the F1 key. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 51 DIALING Display PC-VT v8.1 Press any key while the dialer is running will cause PC-VT to stop dialing and return to the communications display. Pressing CTRL-BREAK will cancel PC-VT. Here is how each of cursor control keys function in this display: - Left arrow - moves the cursor one column to the left. If the cursor is already in column 1, the speaker beeps and no action is taken. Use this key for a backspace then enter a space to clear any character that may have been mistyped. - Right arrow - moves the cursor one column to the right. If the cursor is already in column 70, the speaker beeps and no action is taken. - Up arrow - moves the cursor up one row. If the cursor is already in the top row of the directory, the speaker beeps and no action is taken. - Down arrow - moves the cursor down one row. If the cursor is already in the bottom row of the directory, the speaker beeps and no action is taken. - Home - moves the cursor to column 1 of the top row of the directory. - End - moves the cursor to column 1 of the bottom row of the directory. - Enter - moves the cursor to column 1 of the next row of the directory. If the cursor is already in the bottom row of the directory, the cursor is moved to column 1 of that row and the speaker beeps. - Tab - moves the cursor to column 24 of the current row. - Ins - inserts a space at the cursor position. This key operates within either the name field (columns 1 thru 20) or the number field (columns 21 thru 70). All characters from the cursor to right of the field are moved one column to the right. Anything in the rightmost column of the field is lost. If you Ins within the name field, the number field is not affected. - Del - deletes a character at the cursor position. This key operates within either the name field (columns 1 thru 20) or the number field (columns 21 thru 70). All characters from the right of the cursor to the rightmost column of the field are moved one column to the left. A space is inserted into the rightmost column of the field. If you Del within the name field, the number field is not affected. Page 52 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 DIALING Display In addition, as a simple Macro style logon facility, PC-VT does a little more work. If you enter the tilde key (the ~), PC-VT will translate that into a carriage return (ASCII 13) when sent to the Modem. This permits you to send multiple lines to the Modem. Also, PC-VT will interpret the CTRL-W key as a wait of 5 seconds and the CTRL-B as a wait of 1 second. The CTRL-W will appear in the directory as an underlined up-down arrow and the CTRL-B will appear as a Happy Face. A CTRL-X will stop the dialing at that point in the line. PC-VT will then, as usual, send its final carriage return to the Modem. The CTRL-X will appear in the directory as an up-arrow. Only your imagination will limit you as to how you can use this. You can have PC-VT dial your host, wait 10 seconds, enter your userid, wait 10 seconds, and then enter your password. Special notes on the directory: You have complete control over the entire directory from columns 1 to 70. You can type over the "ATDT" command and you can type any special modem commands like "," or ";". You can enter any key (including the Backspace key) except the control keys listed above into the line. You can change the "ATDT" to any other modem command. For example, you can change the last line to "ATM2;" and when you move the cursor to that line and press F1, the Modem will be commanded to turn on the speaker at all times. Just remember that PC-VT will send any character in columns 21 to 70 to the Modem when you press the F1 key. PC-VT always sends a carriage return right after it sends the character in column 70. For users of the PCjr, you can enter the CTRL-N command required by the junior's internal modem. In the examples below, the CTRL-W is shown as a ? and the CTRL-X is shown as a ^ since most line printers printing this document can't print control characters. Here are some possible entries: ! Mark C DiVecchio----ATDT,,555-1212 The computer--------ATDT 1 - 506 - 555 - 1234,,,,,222* 432# Speaker on----------ATM2; Full Logon----------ATDT,555-1212~?????~?userid~password^ In that last example, the Modem is summoned, it is to wait 2 seconds for the dial tone (a Hayes modem command), it dials the number, waits 25 seconds for the connection, sends a single carriage return which wakes up the host, waits 5 seconds, enters the userid and then enters the password. Note the final CTRL-X. This is needed to tell PC-VT not to send the spaces between the password and column 70 to the host since they may be seen as part of the password. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 53 DIALING Display PC-VT v8.1 One other thing is done by this facility in order to get around the buffer size within the modem. Spaces and dashes in the phone number are not sent to the Modem. With several Modems, the buffers could overflow if all 50 characters in the phone number field were sent. PC-VT resumes sending spaces after it encounters the first tilde. This means that spaces can be included as part of the logon sequence. Here are the functions available in DIALING : Exit DIALING : The ESC key returns PC-VT to the communications display. Dial : The "F1" key dials the number in the line pointed to by the cursor. PC-VT then returns to the communications display. Read Directory : The "F3" key clears the displayed dialing directory and reloads it from the disk file, DIALER.DAT, on the default drive. PC-VT remains in the DIALING display. Store Directory : The "F4" key stores the displayed dialing directory into a disk file on the PC-DOS default drive. The name of the file is DIALER.DAT. A message will appear at the bottom of the display to indicate that the new directory is written to disk. Hang up : The "F5" key sends the commands to the MODEM to hang up the phone. This procedure takes about 2-3 seconds due to the MODEM protocol. A message will appear at the bottom of the display to indicate that the line is hung up. PC-VT uses the Hayes commands "+++" and "ATH0" to do this function. 9.2 The DIALER.DAT File PC-VT maintains a Dialing Directory file on disk. This file is used to record user inputted phone numbers or other Modem commands. The file is read each time that you start up PC-VT so your dialing directory is restored each time. Page 54 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 DIALING Display 9.3 Creation The file is automatically created as an empty directory if the file does not exist on the default drive. The diskette supplied with the package has a default copy of the file. 9.4 Location The file name is DIALER.DAT. The file is created in the directory pointed to by the 'PC-VT=' string in the environment. If there is no such string in the environment or you are using DOS 1.0 or 1.1, the file is created on the PC-DOS default drive. The chapter on starting PC-VT describes how to use this string. 9.5 Updating The file is rewritten upon request while in the DIALING display. 9.6 Error Messages There are several messages generated by PC-VT while manipulating this file. "New Dialing Directory Created": PC-VT could not find DIALER.DAT on the default disk drive so it created a blank file. PC-VT continues. "Disk Directory Full": PC-VT could not find space in the directory of the default disk drive when it tried to create the DIALER.DAT file. PC-VT terminates. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 55 DIALING Display PC-VT v8.1 "Disk Full While Writing Dialing Dir": PC-VT ran out of space on the default disk drive while creating the DIALER.DAT file. PC-VT terminates. "Disk Swap Error - See User Manual": PC-VT found a different diskette in the default drive from the time that the disk directory entry was created and the file DIALER.DAT was written. Since the time between these two events is very small, this error message indicates a severe hardware or system failure. PC-VT terminates. This error should never happen if PC-VT is run from a fixed disk. "Error While Opening Dialing Directory": PC-VT failed to successfully open the DIALER.DAT file on the default disk. This usually means that the disk directory has been damaged. PC-VT terminates. "Dialing Directory Access Error": An error occured while reading the DIALER.DAT file from the default disk. Usually means that the file has been accidentally overwritten. PC-VT terminates. "Can't find DIALER.DAT. F1 to cancel, space to try again.": This usually means that the default diskette drive is empty or the door is open. Correct the situation and hit the space key to continue. PC-VT continues. Page 56 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 PC-VT Status Line Chapter 10 PC-VT Status Line PC-VT uses line 25 of the monitor as a status line when in the communications display. The VT10x only requires 24 lines for proper operation. The meaning of each of the fields displayed is summarized in this chapter. ON LINE PC-VT is actively monitoring the COMx port. It is on line to a host only if you have established the connection. LOCAL PC-VT is performing some local function and data received on the COMx port will not be displayed. The data will not be lost but will be buffered and then displayed when PC-VT returns to ON LINE mode. Note that on the PCjr this may not be true. If the PCjr is doing a diskette operation, all other interrupts are masked off. If data is received on the COMx line, it will be lost. Vx.x The version number of PC-VT. Please include this number if you write to the author. KBD LOCKED The host computer has locked the keyboard. The host is also responsible for unlocking the keyboard. CAP The Caps Lock key has been depressed on the keyboard. NUM The Num Lock key has been depressed on the keyboard. SCR The Scroll Lock key has been depressed on the keyboard. This key functions as the NO SCROLL key on the VT10x. "alpha" The Greek letter "alpha" is displayed to indicate that PC-VT is in applications keypad mode. This permits the PC's function and keypad keys to transmit special codes. See chapter 5. The host controls entrance and exit to this mode. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 57 PC-VT Status Line PC-VT v8.1 X The letter 'X' indicates that the host's buffer has filled up and that the host will not accept any more characters from the PC. This will clear automatically when the host's buffer has emptied. See the definition of the alt-x key for more details. P The letter 'P' indicates that printer echo is turned on and all characters displayed on the CRT are printed on the line printer. Characters displayed on line 25 (the status line) are never printed. Printer echo can be turned on by the host via an Escape sequence or by pressing CTRL-F6 on the PC's keyboard. HH:MM:SS The time of day is displayed. This can be turned off by resetting the CLOCK bit in the SETUP B display. DSR This indicates that the modem has raised its Data Set Ready line. This indicator as well as the next two modem status indicators can be turned off by resetting the CLOCK bit in the SETUP B display. Most smart modems keep this line high at all times to indicate that the modem is ready to receive commands. Note that PC-VT does not really care. It displays this only for information. CTS This indicates that the modem has raised its Clear To Send line. Some modems maintain this line high at all times. There is usually a switch on the modem which will cause this line to function normally. Note that PC-VT does not really care. It displays this only for information. CD This indicates that the modem has raised its Carrier Detect line. Some modems maintain this line high at all times. There is usually a switch on the modem which will cause this line to function normally. Note that PC-VT does not really care. It displays this only for information. L1L2L3L4 These represent the LED's on the VT10x. All four are used on the VT100, only L1 is used on the VT102, and none are used on the VT52. Page 58 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Macro Display Chapter 11 Macro Display The Macro display is accessed by typing ALT-K from the communications display. The Macro display is used to update the currently defined Macro keys. The content of the communications display is preserved and is restored when you exit Macro. Actually sending a Macro is done by typing ALT-F1 thru ALT-F10 directly from the communications display. Only these 10 keys are supported by the Macro processor. 11.1 Instructions for Macro The Macro display is used to create, update and save Macro key definitions. The display can hold 10 Macro keys. The 10 definable keys are listed on the left of the screen. The Macro commands are stored in columns 21 to 70. The "!" above column 21 is to remind you that, when expanding a macro, PC-VT sends the data in columns 21 thru 70 to the modem as the Macro command. When PC-VT starts up, it looks for a Macro Directory on the default drive or the drive and directory pointed to by the environment string 'PC-VT='. If it does not find one, PC-VT creates a blank directory. You can use the cursor keys, the Enter key, the Home key and the End key to position the cursor to any line. The "Ins" key will insert a space at the cursor position and the "Del" key will delete a character at the cursor position. Move the cursor to the first column of the key which you want to define. Then enter the definition. The new directory can be saved by pressing the F4 key. The macro can be sent by pressing the F1 key. Once you are back in the communications display, you can send the macro just by pressing the ALT-Fx key. There is no need to press ALT-K. Press any key while the Macro is being transmitted will cause PC-VT to stop the expansion and return to the communications display. Pressing CTRL-BREAK will cancel PC-VT. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 59 Macro Display PC-VT v8.1 Here is how each of cursor control keys function in this display: - Left arrow - moves the cursor one column to the left. If the cursor is already in column 21, the speaker beeps and no action is taken. Use this key as a backspace then type a space to clear the character. - Right arrow - moves the cursor one column to the right. If the cursor is already in column 70, the speaker beeps and no action is taken. - Up arrow - moves the cursor up one row. If the cursor is already in the top row of the directory, the speaker beeps and no action is taken. - Down arrow - moves the cursor down one row. If the cursor is already in the bottom row of the directory, the speaker beeps and no action is taken. - Home - moves the cursor to column 21 of the top row of the directory. - End - moves the cursor to column 21 of the bottom row of the directory. - Enter - moves the cursor to column 21 of the next row of the directory. If the cursor is already in the bottom row of the directory, the cursor is moved to column 21 of that row and the speaker beeps. If you want to use the 'Enter' as part of the Macro definition, use the tilde key '~'. PC-VT will replace the tilde with a carriage return when the macro is expanded. - Ins - inserts a space at the cursor position. All characters from the cursor to right of the field are moved one column to the right. Anything in the rightmost column of the field is lost. - Del - deletes a character at the cursor position. All characters from the right of the cursor to the rightmost column of the field are moved one column to the left. A space is inserted into the rightmost column of the field. Special notes on the directory: You have complete control over the entire directory from columns 21 to 70. Just remember that PC-VT will send any character in columns 21 to 70 to the Host when you invoke the macro. PC-VT does not send a carriage return after it sends the character in column 70. If you want a return, enter the tilde character. If you don't put in a tilde, PC-VT sends whatever characters you have defined and then just goes back into keyboard input mode. You can type in additional Page 60 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Macro Display characters or manually press the enter key. In addition, PC-VT does a little more work. As mentioned above, if you enter the tilde key (the ~), PC-VT will translate that into a carriage return (ASCII 13) when sent to the Host. This permits you to send multiple lines. Also, PC-VT will interpret the CTRL-W key as a wait of 5 seconds and the CTRL-B as a wait of 1 second. The CTRL-W will appear in the directory as an underlined up-down arrow and the CTRL-B will appear as a Happy Face. A CTRL-X will stop the Macro expansion at that point in the line. PC-VT will then return to keyboard input mode. The CTRL-X will appear in the directory as an up-arrow. Only your imagination will limit you as to how you can use this. You can have PC-VT enter a command, wait 10 seconds, enter an option, wait 6 seconds, end a job and log you off the host. All other control characters can be entered into the macro definition including backspace and CTRL-C. They will be sent to the host when the macro is expanded. In the examples below, the CTRL-W is shown as a ? and the CTRL-X is shown as a ^ since most line printers printing this document can't print control characters. Here are some possible entries: ! Alt F1--------------run myjob~^ Alt F2--------------mail~?1~???~~~~ex~^ Alt F3--------------ATDT5551212~^ It is always wise to put a CTRL-X a the end of every macro so that PC-VT knows exactly where to stop sending. PC-VT will send the spaces out to column 70 if you leave off the CTRL-X. In most cases this probably won't matter but when trailing spaces are significant(like in a password), you will need the CTRL-X. You can also use the Macro key definition to dial thru a smart modem. Simply put the dialing command in as a Macro. Then press the appropriate Alt key from the communications display. Here are the functions available in Macro : Exit Macro : The ESC key returns PC-VT to the communications display. Dial : The "F1" key sends the macro in the line pointed to by the cursor. PC-VT then returns to the communications display. To send the macro directly from the communications display, you just need to press ALT-Fx right from the communications display. There is no need to press ALT-K first. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 61 Macro Display PC-VT v8.1 Read Directory : The "F3" key clears the displayed Macro directory and reloads it from the disk file, MACRO.DAT, on the default drive. PC-VT remains in the Macro display. Store Directory : The "F4" key stores the displayed Macro directory into a disk file on the PC-DOS default drive or the drive and directory specified in the 'PC-VT=' string in the environment. The name of the file is MACRO.DAT. A message will appear at the bottom of the display to indicate that the new directory is written to disk. 11.2 The MACRO.DAT File PC-VT maintains a Macro Directory file on disk. This file is used to record user inputed macro key definitions. The file is read each time that you start up PC-VT so your Macro directory is restored each time. 11.3 Creation The file is automatically created as an empty directory if the file does not exist on the default drive. The diskette supplied with the package has a default copy of the file. 11.4 Location The file name is MACRO.DAT. The file is created in the directory pointed to by the 'PC-VT=' string in the environment. If there is no such string in the environment or you are using DOS 1.0 or 1.1, the file is created on the PC-DOS default drive. The chapter on starting PC-VT describes how to use this string. Page 62 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Macro Display 11.5 Updating The file is rewritten upon request while in the Macro display. 11.6 Error Messages There are several messages generated by PC-VT while manipulating this file. "New Macro Directory Created": PC-VT could not find MACRO.DAT on the default disk drive so it created an empty directory. PC-VT continues. "Disk Directory Full": PC-VT could not find space in the directory of the default disk drive when it tried to create the MACRO.DAT file. PC-VT terminates. "Disk Full While Writing Macro Dir": PC-VT ran out of space on the default disk drive while creating the MACRO.DAT file. PC-VT terminates. "Disk Swap Error - See User Manual": PC-VT found a different diskette in the default drive from the time that the disk directory entry was created and the file MACRO.DAT was written. Since the time between these two events is very small, this error message indicates a severe hardware or system failure. PC-VT terminates. This error should never happen if PC-VT is run from a fixed disk. "Error While Opening Macro Directory": PC-VT failed to successfully open the MACRO.DAT file on the default disk. This usually means that the disk directory has been damaged. PC-VT terminates. "Macro Directory Access Error": An error occurred while reading the MACRO.DAT file from the default disk. Usually means that Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 63 Macro Display PC-VT v8.1 the file has been accidentally overwritten. PC-VT terminates. "Can't find MACRO.DAT. F1 to cancel, space to try again.": This usually means that the default diskette drive is empty or the door is open. Correct the situation and hit the space key to continue. PC-VT continues. Page 64 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 List of Control Characters Appendix A List of Control Characters These appendices describe the internal operation of PC-VT. They show the various control characters and Escape sequences which PC-VT interprets as commands. The character "ESC" is an ASCII control character with the decimal value of 27. These appendices can be skipped if your only use of PC-VT is simply as a VT100/102 Video Terminal. ASCII codes from 0 to 31 and 127 are control characters. PC-VT responds to these characters as listed in the following table. Hex Name Code Function Null 0 This character is ignored. It can be used 4 as a fill character. End of Text 3 Not supported. PC-VT ignores this character. End of 4 This character can be selected as a Transmission disconnect character by the SETUP B display. If selected, its receipt will cause PC-VT to disconnect from the communications line by sending a Break. Enquire 5 Causes PC-VT to transmit its answerback message. The answerback back message is set in the SETUP B display. Bell 7 Causes PC-VT to Beep the IBM PC speaker. Backspace 8 Causes PC-VT to move the cursor back one column and delete the character there. If the cursor is already in column 1, ---------- 4. A fill character is sometimes used to take up space in a messages for timing reasons. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 65 List of Control Characters PC-VT v8.1 this character is ignored. Horizontal Tab 9 Causes PC-VT to move the cursor to the next tab stop. If there are no tab stops between the current cursor position and column 80, the cursor is moved to column 80. The tabs stops can be set in the SETUP A display. Line Feed 10 This causes the cursor to move down one line in the current column. If the cursor moves below the screen output area, the lines above the cursor move up one line, and a blank line is added to the bottom of the screen. The operation of this key is modified by the Line Feed/ New Line feature selected in SETUP B. Vertical Tab 11 Handled as a line feed. Form Feed 12 Handled as a line feed. Carriage Return 13 The cursor is moved back to the left margin. Cursor remains in the current line. Shift Out 14 Causes PC-VT to change its character set to the G0 character set. The G0 character set is selected by the Select Character Set Escape sequence. Shift In 15 Causes PC-VT to change its character set to the G1 character set. The G1 character set is selected by the Select Character Set Escape sequence. XON (Device 17 Causes PC-VT to continue or restart Control 1) sending characters. XOFF (Device 19 Causes PC-VT to stop transmitting Control 3) characters. It does not stop PC-VT from sending XON or XOFF. Cancel 24 Causes PC-VT to interrupt and cancel any in process Escape control sequence. Substitute 26 Handled as Cancel. Also used as an End of File indicator during ASCII file transfers. Escape 27 Indicates the start of a special Escape control sequence. Page 66 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 List of Control Characters Delete 127 This character is ignored when received. All other control characters are ignored. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 67 Received Escape Sequences PC-VT v8.1 Appendix B Received Escape Sequences PC-VT constantly monitors the communications line for these incoming Escape sequences. When they are received, PC-VT performs the function as shown. The Escape character and the characters which follow it and are part of the sequence are not displayed. When receiving (downloading) a file, PC-VT does copy these characters to the PC disk file being created. The Escape character is shown below as "ESC" and is the ASCII character with the value of 27. Keypad Character Selection ESC = Select Alternate Keypad Mode - Set the keyboard to transmit the Alternate Keypad set of character codes. ESC > Select Numeric Keypad Mode - Set the keyboard to transmit the Numeric Keypad set of character codes. Select Character Sets ESC ( A Select U.K. Character Set as G0 - The standard IBM PC character set is selected for ASCII codes 0 to 34 and 36 to 127. ASCII code 35 is replaced by the extended character 156, the UK Pound sign. ESC ( B Select U.S. Character Set as G0 - The standard IBM PC character set is selected for ASCII codes 0 to 127. ESC ( 0 Select Special Characters and Line Drawing Set as G0 - A special character and line drawing set is selected. The set is identical to the IBM PC character set for ASCII codes 0 to 95. ASCII codes 96 to 127 are shown below. ESC ) A Select U.K. Character Set as G1- The standard IBM PC character set is selected for ASCII codes 0 to 34 and 36 to 127. ASCII code 35 is replaced by Page 68 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Received Escape Sequences the extended character 156, the UK Pound sign. ESC ) B Select U.S. Character Set as G1 - The standard IBM PC character set is selected for ASCII codes 0 to 127. ESC ) 0 Select Special Characters and Line Drawing Set as G1 - A special character and line drawing set is selected. The set is identical to the IBM PC character set for ASCII codes 0 to 95. ASCII codes 96 to 127 are shown below. Special Character and Line Drawing Set ASCII Code Character IBM PC ASCII Code 0 - 95 Same as the standard IBM PC character set. 96 Diamond 4 97 Large Block 219 98 Horizontal Tab (right arrow) 26 99 Form Feed (up triangle) 30 100 Carriage Return (left arrow) 27 101 Line Feed (up arrow) 24 102 Degree Symbol 248 103 Plus/Minus Sign 241 104 New Line (down arrow) 25 105 Vertical Tab (up/down arrow) 23 106 Upper Right Corner 217 107 Lower Right Corner 191 108 Lower Left Corner 218 109 Upper Left Corner 192 110 Crossing Lines 197 111 Horizontal Line 196 112 Horizontal Line 196 113 Horizontal Line 196 114 Horizontal Line 196 115 Horizontal Line 196 116 Left T 195 117 Right T 180 118 Top T 193 119 Bottom T 194 120 Vertical Line 179 121 Less Than or Equal To 243 122 Greater Than or Equal 242 123 Pi Symbol 20 124 Not Equal Sign (squiggle) 247 125 UK Pound Sign 156 126 Centered Dot 250 127 blank 32 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 69 Received Escape Sequences PC-VT v8.1 Display Attributes ESC [ m Select Graphic Rendition - Reset Display Attribute to Default per SETUP B display. ESC [ 0 m Same as "ESC [ m". ESC [ 1 m Select Graphic Rendition - Select Display Attribute to Bold. ESC [ 4 m Select Graphic Rendition - Select Display Attribute to Underline (IBM Monochrome Display only - ignored for Color/Graphics Board). ESC [ 5 m Select Graphic Rendition - Select Display Attribute to Blink. ESC [ 7 m Select Graphic Rendition - Select Display Attribute to Reverse Video. Normal video and reverse video cannot be used at the same time. The other three modes act on normal video and reverse video and are additive. That is, The sequence "ESC [ 7 m ESC [ 5 m ESC [ 1 m " will produce blinking, high intensity reverse video. Then , "ESC [ m" will reset the display to the default, usually white on black. PC-VT supports multiple parameters for the Select Graphic Rendition sequence. For example, the three sequences in the previous paragraph can be coded as "ESC [ 7 ; 5 ; 1 m". Scrolling Margin ESC [ Pt ; Pb r Set top and bottom scrolling margins - The scrolling region is set include display lines starting at Pt and ending at Pb inclusive. Pt and Pb must be between 1 and 24. Pb must be greater than or equal to Pt. If Pt is omitted, it defaults to 1. If Pb is omitted, it defaults to 24. Cursor Movement Commands ESC [ Pn A Cursor Up - Move cursor up Pn lines. If omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1. If the cursor is already at the top of the screen, this sequence is ignored. If Pn is greater than the number of lines to the top of the screen, the cursor is moved to the top of the screen. Page 70 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Received Escape Sequences ESC [ Pn B Cursor Down - Move cursor down Pn lines. If omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1. If the cursor is already at the bottom of the screen, this sequence is ignored. If Pn is greater than the number of lines to the bottom of the screen, the cursor is moved to the bottom of the screen. ESC [ Pn C Cursor Right - Move cursor right Pn columns. If omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1. If the cursor is already at the right margin of the screen, this sequence is ignored. If Pn is greater than the number of columns to the right margin of the screen, the cursor is moved to the right margin of the screen. ESC [ Pn D Cursor Left - Move cursor left Pn columns. If omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1. If the cursor is already at the left margin of the screen, this sequence is ignored. If Pn is greater than the number of columns to the left margin of the screen, the cursor is moved to the left margin of the screen. ESC [ Pl ; Pc H Cursor Position - Move the cursor to absolute line given by Pl and absolute column given by Pc. Pl must be between 1 and 24. Pc must be between 1 and 80. If omitted, Pl and Pc are assumed to be 1. ESC [ Pl ; Pc f Same as "ESC [ Pl ; Pc H". ESC [ H Cursor Position (Home) - Move the cursor to the top left of the screen. Same as the sequence "ESC [ 1 ; 1 H" or "ESC [ 1 ; 1 f". ESC [ f Same as "ESC [ H". ESC [ D Index - The cursor is moved down one line. The cursor remains in the same column. A scroll up is performed if the cursor moves below line 24. ESC [ M Reverse Index - The cursor is moved up one line. The cursor remains in the same column. A scroll down is performed if the cursor moves above line 1. ESC [ E Next Line - The cursor is moved to the first column of the next line. A scroll up is performed if the cursor moves below line 24. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 71 Received Escape Sequences PC-VT v8.1 ESC [ 7 Save cursor - The current cursor position (line,column), display character attribute, selected character set, and origin mode are saved. ESC [ 8 Restore Cursor - The cursor position and other saved attributes are restored to the values recorded by the last "ESC [ 7" sequence. If the save cursor Escape sequence was not received since PC-VT was started, no values are restored and the cursor is moved to the top left margin. Tab Stops ESC H Horizontal Tab Set - A tab stop is set the column position occupied by the cursor. ESC [ g Tabulation Clear - The tab, if any, at the column position occupied by the cursor is cleared. ESC [ 0 g Same as "ESC [ g". ESC [ 3 g Tabulation Clear - All tabs are cleared. Editing Functions ESC [ Pn @ Insert Character - Inserts Pn characters starting at the cursor position. Character(s) to the right of the cursor column move right. Pn, if omitted, is assumed to be 1. Character(s) moved off of the right of the display are lost. ESC [ Pn P Delete Character - Deletes Pn characters starting at the cursor position. Characters to the right of the deleted character(s) move left. Pn, if omitted, is assumed to be 1. Spaces are inserted at the right as needed. ESC [ Pn L Insert Line - Inserts Pn lines before the line containing cursor. The current line and all lines below it move down the display. Lines which move below the bottom scrolling margin are lost. Pn, if omitted, is assumed to be 1. ESC [ Pn M Delete Line - Deletes Pn lines starting at the line containing the cursor and below. Lines below the deleted lines move up. New blank lines are created to fill the bottom of the scrolling area. If omitted, Pn is assumed to be 1. Erasing Page 72 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Received Escape Sequences ESC [ K Erase In Line - The line occupied by the cursor is erased from the cursor to the end of the line. ESC [ 0 K Same as "ESC [ K". ESC [ 1 K Erase In Line - The line occupied by the cursor is erased from the beginning of the line to the cursor. ESC [ 2 K Erase In Line - The entire line containing the cursor is erased. ESC [ J Erase In Display - The screen from the current cursor position to the bottom left of the display is erased. ESC [ 0 J Same as "ESC [ J". ESC [ 1 J Erase In Display - The screen from the top right of the display to the current cursor position is erased. ESC [ 2 J Erase In Display - The entire screen is erased. Print Commands These commands are ignored if there is no printer attached to the PC or if the printer is not ready. LPT1 or LPT2 is selected on the SETUP B display. ESC [ ? 5 i Media Copy - Turn on Auto Print. All characters locally or echoed by the host are printed on the selected line printer, if present, as soon as a carriage return is received. The character 'P' is displayed in column 42 of the status line (line 25 ) of the display to indicate that printer echo is turned on. ESC [ ? 4 i Media Copy - Turns off Auto Print. ESC [ 5 i Media Copy - Turns on Print Controller. All characters received from the host are displayed on the selected line printer, if present, as soon as a carriage return is received. Nothing is displayed on the CRT. ESC [ 4 i Media Copy - Turns off Print Controller. A carriage return and line feed should be sent to the selected line printer before transmitting this sequence to be sure that the printer is Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 73 Received Escape Sequences PC-VT v8.1 ready for the next print sequence and that the print carriage is at the left margin. ESC [ i Media Copy - The screen as defined by the print extent in the SETUP B display is copied to the selected line printer, if present. A form feed is sent to the selected line printer at the conclusion of the printing if the Termination Character feature is set in the SETUP B display. ESC [ ? 1 i Media Copy - The line containing the cursor is printed on the selected line printer, if present. Reports ESC [ 5 n Device Status Report - The status of PC-VT and hardware is reported with this response: "ESC [ 0 n " PC-VT is OK. ESC [ ? 15 n Device Status Report - The status of the selected line printer is reported with these responses: "ESC [ ? 13 n " No printer on system "ESC [ ? 10 n " Printer ready "ESC [ ? 11 n " Printer not ready. ESC [ 6 n Device Status Report - The position of the cursor is reported with this response: "ESC [ Pl ; Pc R" The cursor is currently at line Pl and column Pc. ESC [ c Device Attribute Report - PC-VT reports that it is a VT102 or VT100 Video Terminal compatible device with the responses: "ESC [ ? 6 c" I am a VT102 or "ESC [ ? 1 ; 0 c" I am a VT100, basic, no options. The response depends upon the state of the Terminal Type bit in the SETUP B display. ESC [ 0 c Same as "ESC [ c". ESC Z Same as "ESC [ c". Reset Page 74 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Received Escape Sequences ESC c Reset to Initial State - PC-VT is reset to its initial state by reading the USER MEMORY file on the default drive. The program is then restarted. Keyboard LEDs ESC [ q Load LED (LEDs off) - The emulated LEDs on the status line 25 of the display is turned off. ESC [ 0 q Same as "ESC [ q". ESC [ 1 q Load LED (L1 on) - The emulated LED L1 on the status line 25 of the display is turned on. ESC [ 2 q Load LED (L2 on) - The emulated LED L2 on the status line 25 of the display is turned on. ESC [ 3 q Load LED (L3 on) - The emulated LED L3 on the status line 25 of the display is turned on. ESC [ 4 q Load LED (L4 on) - The emulated LED L4 on the status line 25 of the display is turned on. VT52 Compatible Mode ESC < Enter ANSI mode. ESC = Enter alternate keypad mode. ESC > Exit alternate keypad mode to numeric keypad mode. ESC F Select special graphics character set. ESC G Select US/UK character set. ESC A Cursor up. ESC B Cursor down. ESC C Cursor right. ESC D Cursor left. ESC H Home cursor. ESC Y Pl Pc Direct cursor address. ESC I Reverse line feed. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 75 Received Escape Sequences PC-VT v8.1 ESC K Erase to end of line. ESC J Erase to end of screen. ESC ^ Enter auto print mode. ESC _ Exit auto print mode. ESC W Enter printer controller mode. ESC X Exit printer controller mode. ESC ] Print screen. ESC V Print current line. ESC Z Identify what you are. PC-VT responds with "ESC / Z". PC-VT still responds to DEC private escape sequences while in VT52 compatibility mode. Set Mode ESC [ 2 h Keyboard Action - The keyboard is locked. Pressing any key causes PC-VT to beep. The message "KBD LOCKED" is displayed on status line 25 of the CRT. ESC [ 4 h Insert-replacement - Insert mode is selected. Any characters received cause the characters currently on the screen from the cursor position to the right to be moved one position to the right. The newly received character is then inserted in the vacated space. ESC [ 12 h Send-Receive Mode - Sets host echo. Characters typed at the keyboard are not locally displayed unless they are sent back by the host. ESC [ 20 h Line Feed / New Line - Sets PC-VT to transmit both a carriage return and line feed when the ENTER key is pressed. Causes received line feed, form feed and vertical tab characters to move the cursor to the left column of the next line. ESC [ ? 1 h Cursor Key - Set the Cursor keys to generate Application Mode functions. Valid only in Application Keypad mode. ESC [ ? 5 h Screen - Sets the screen to reverse video mode. The display attribute is set to black on white. Page 76 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Received Escape Sequences The entire display is flipped to black on white. All characters received after this sequence are displayed in black on white. ESC [ ? 6 h Origin - Set the home position to the top left margin of the scrolling region set by the "Set top and bottom margins" sequence "ESC [ Pt ; Pb r" . ESC [ ? 7 h Autowrap - Sets autowrap on. When the cursor gets to the right margin and another character is received, a carriage return and line feed are sent to the display. ESC [ ? 8 h Autorepeat - Sets autorepeat on. This is the normal operation of the IBM PC keyboard. If a key is held down, it starts to repeatedly send it's code to the running program. This is default setting for PC-VT. ESC [ ? 18 h Print Form Feed - PC-VT sends a Form Feed to the selected line printer at the conclusion of a print screen operation. This is the default setting. ESC [ ? 19 h Print Extent - The full screen is printed on the selected line printer by the print screen sequence. This is the default setting. ESC [ ? 21 h Receive File - Performs the same function as the CTRL-F3 key on the keyboard. PC-VT private. ESC [ ? 22 h Transmit File - Performs the same function as the CTRL-F4 key on the keyboard. PC-VT private. Reset Mode ESC [ 2 l Keyboard Action - The keyboard is unlocked. Pressing any key causes the character to be sent to the host. The "KBD LOCKED" message is cleared from the status line. ESC [ 4 l Insert-replacement - Replacement mode is selected. Any characters received overwrite any characters on the screen at the cursor location. This is the default setting. ESC [ 12 l Send-Receive Mode - Sets local echo. Characters typed at the keyboard are locally displayed. ESC [ 20 l Line Feed / New Line - Resets PC-VT to transmit only a carriage return when the ENTER key is Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 77 Received Escape Sequences PC-VT v8.1 pressed. Causes received line feed, form feed and vertical tab characters to move cursor to the same column of the next line. This is the default setting. ESC [ ? 1 l Cursor Key - Reset the Cursor keys to generate ANSI (Cursor Mode) control sequences. Valid only in Application Keypad mode. This is the default setting. ESC [ ? 5 l Screen - Resets the screen to normal mode. The display attribute is changed to white on black. The entire display is flipped to white on black. All characters received after this sequence are displayed in white on black. This is the default setting. ESC [ ? 6 l Origin - Reset the home position to the top left of the screen. This is the default setting. ESC [ ? 7 l Autowrap - Sets autowrap off. When the cursor gets to the right margin and another character is received, the cursor remains at the right margin and characters overlay one another until a carriage return is received. This the default setting. ESC [ ? 8 l Autorepeat - Sets autorepeat off. PC-VT can only simulate this function since repeat is handled in the keyboard by the 8048. When PC-VT receives this escape sequence, it clears the keyboard buffer of any characters. ESC [ ? 18 l Print Form Feed - PC-VT performs a print screen operation without a terminating form feed. ESC [ ? 19 l Print Extent - Only the scrolling region of the screen is printed on the selected line printer by the print screen sequence. Page 78 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Escape Sequences Transmitted Appendix C Escape Sequences Transmitted Control keys which do not have a defined ASCII code are translated into Escape sequences for transmission to the host. These keys are cursor keys and keypad keys. Both sets of these keys can transmit different sequences. The codes sent by the keypad keys are selected by the "Set Numeric Keypad" and "Set Application keypad" commands. The codes for the cursor keys are selected by the "Set Cursor" and "Reset Cursor" mode commands. Note that setting numeric keypad mode, resets the cursor mode. Set and reset cursor mode only function in application keypad mode. This VT100/102 defined numeric keypad mode has nothing to do with the PC NUM LOCK key. The NUM LOCK key functions locally in the PC only per the IBM documentation. VT100/102 Cursor Keys Key Reset (Cursor) Mode Set (Application) mode Up ESC [ A ESC O A Down ESC [ B ESC O B Right ESC [ C ESC O C Left ESC [ D ESC O D VT100/102 Emulated Keypad Keys IBM PC Emulated ANSI Numeric ANSI Alternate Key VT100/102 Key Keypad Mode Keypad Mode F10 0 0 ESC O p F7 1 1 ESC O q F8 2 2 ESC O r Shift F7 3 3 ESC O s F5 4 4 ESC O t F6 5 5 ESC O u Shift F5 6 6 ESC O v F3 7 7 ESC O w F4 8 8 ESC O x Shift F3 9 9 ESC O y Shift F4 -(minus) -(minus) ESC O m Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 79 Escape Sequences Transmitted PC-VT v8.1 Shift F6 ,(comma) ,(comma) ESC O l Shift F9 .(period) .(period) ESC O n Shift F8 ENTER ENTER ESC O M F1 PF1 ESC O P ESC O P F2 PF2 ESC O Q ESC O Q Shift F1 PF3 ESC O R ESC O R Shift F2 PF4 ESC O S ESC O S VT52 Cursor Keys Key Reset (Cursor) Mode Set (Application) mode Up ESC A ESC A Down ESC B ESC B Right ESC C ESC C Left ESC D ESC D VT52 Emulated Keypad Keys IBM PC Emulated ANSI Numeric ANSI Alternate Key VT100/102 Key Keypad Mode Keypad Mode F10 0 0 ESC ? p F7 1 1 ESC ? q F8 2 2 ESC ? r Shift F7 3 3 ESC ? s F5 4 4 ESC ? t F6 5 5 ESC ? u Shift F5 6 6 ESC ? v F3 7 7 ESC ? w F4 8 8 ESC ? x Shift F3 9 9 ESC ? y Shift F4 -(minus) -(minus) ESC ? m Shift F6 ,(comma) ,(comma) ESC ? l Shift F9 .(period) .(period) ESC ? n Shift F8 ENTER ENTER ESC ? M F1 PF1 ESC P ESC ? P F2 PF2 ESC Q ESC ? Q Shift F1 PF3 ESC R ESC ? R Shift F2 PF4 ESC S ESC ? S Page 80 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Responses to Escape Sequences Appendix D Responses to Escape Sequences PC-VT responds to several control characters and Escape sequences. They are listed here. For a complete description, see the Appendices. Elicitor Response Enquire Answerback message Device Status Report PC-VT responds with emulator status Cursor Status Report Current cursor position is reported Device Attributes PC-VT identifies itself as either a VT100, a VT102, or a VT52 depending on the bits set/reset in the SETUP B display. Identify Terminal PC-VT identifies itself as either a VT100, a VT102, or a VT52 depending on the bits set/reset in the SETUP B display. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 81 Special ALT Key Definitions PC-VT v8.1 Appendix E Special ALT Key Definitions PC-VT uses ALT-K to startup the Macro Key facility and ALT-F to startup the PC-DOS Command Processor. Additionally, several special ALT key commands are available to the user of PC-VT. They were implemented to aid in the debug of this program. Most of these will be useful only under very special circumstances but some will be of general use. To use these commands, hold down the ALT key and at the same time depress the key listed. They work only in the communications display, they do not work in the SETUP, DIALING, or MACRO displays. The author of this program makes no claims or guarantees about these keys and you use them at your own risk. ALT Key plus Function E Echo toggle. This key toggles the state of the echo flag. If the host is not echoing back characters, you can type alt-e and PC-VT will echo the characters to the display. F Fork. This key sequence starts up another copy of Command.COM. This is done without terminating PC-VT or breaking the host connection. Once the new Command.COM is started, you can run any DOS function or other PC program. You should be careful that you don't run a program that uses the same communications port as PC-VT is using. The other program may leave the port in an unexpected state. PC-VT may not then be able to get control of the port again. Also be careful that you don't alter any files which PC-VT may be using. To exit from the new copy of Command.COM and return to PC-VT, type "exit" at the command prompt. G Print current line. The line containing the cursor is printed on the selected printer, if present. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ ? 1 i" sequence. Page 82 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 Special ALT Key Definitions H HELP. Start up the HELP displays. See the description of the Alt-H key in chapter five. K Macro Key Directory. Start up the Macro Key Directory. See the entire chapter on Macro Keys. M Toggles "Ignore Nulls" mode. Null(ASCII 0) and Delete(ASCII 127) characters are not normally put into the communications buffer. This switch on causes those characters to be put in the buffer just as all other characters. These characters are eventually ignored by PC-VT, the difference is that they now take up I/O buffer space and cannot be used as "filler" or timing characters. N Toggles "Ignore ESCAPE" mode. Received ESCAPE sequences are not acted upon. They are displayed as regular characters on the screen. The ESCAPE character itself is displayed as "<ESC>". Toggling this switch at the wrong time may lead to unpredictable results. Autowrap is set when this switch is set. O Test Insert Characters command. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 5 @" sequence. P Test Delete Characters command. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 5 P" sequence. R Restart PC-VT. Clear COMx port and restart from the beginning. Selected features and tab stops are not changed. Host connection is not broken. This command is useful if you make the host connection after PC-VT is started and COMx port needs to be initialized. In most cases, though, PC-VT will be able to initialize it without the need for this. T Clear the screen. Cursor not moved. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 2 J" sequence. X Reset XOFF Flag. If PC-VT has received an XOFF character, it will not transmit anything. If you type a character, PC-VT will beep and ignore you. This is part of the VT10x definition. If something happens and PC-VT receives an XOFF because of garbage on the line, you can reset the XOFF flag by typing alt-x. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 83 Special ALT Key Definitions PC-VT v8.1 The following ALT keys work only in Numeric Keypad mode ( the default mode). ALT Key plus Function B Transmits the answerback message. Performs the same function as receipt of a Enquire Control Character (ASCII 5). D Turn off Print Only Mode. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 4 i" sequence. S Turn on Print Only Mode. All characters sent from the host are printed on the selected printer only. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 5 i" sequence. Q Report Cursor Position. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 6 n" sequence. W Report Terminal Status. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 5 n" sequence. Y Report Printer Status. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ ? 15 n" sequence. U Report Device Attributes. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ c" sequence. H Clear Tab Stop. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 0 g" sequence. You should use the SETUP A display. J Set Tab Stop. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC H" sequence. You should use the SETUP A display. L Clear All Tab Stops. Performs the same function as receipt of a "ESC [ 3 g" sequence. You should use the SETUP A display. Page 84 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 PC-VT Technical Details Appendix F PC-VT Technical Details This appendix will list some of the details of the implementation of PC-VT for the user who wishes to interface to the program in some non-standard way. PC-VT has been tested on PC-DOS 1.1, 2.0, 2.1, and 3.0 on the IBM PC, the IBM PC AT and the IBM PCjr. I can't vouch for any compatible. PC-VT will not work on the AT with the Professional Graphics Display. BIOS calls used by PC-VT: 10H to handle the display of characters and control sequences while communicating with the host. 11H to determine the type of monitor on the system and to determine if a line printer is present. 14H to initialize the COM port. 16H to look at the CAPS LOCK, NUM LOCK, and SCROLL LOCK key status. 17H to get the printer status and to print characters. 1AH to directly read the binary time of day clock. PC-DOS calls used by PC-VT: 21H the general DOS utility call with AH equal to 6H to read characters from the keyboard 9H to display error messages on the CRT. 0AH to read filenames from the keyboard. 10H to close disk files. 11H to check disk for the existence of files. 13H to delete old download files. 14H to perform sequential disk reads. 15H to perform sequential disk writes. 16H to create new download files. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 85 PC-VT Technical Details PC-VT v8.1 19H to get the current default drive. 1AH to set Disk Transfer Addresses. 25H to set the interrupt vectors for the COM port, the critical error handler and the CTRL-BREAK key. 29H to parse upload/download filenames. 2CH to get the time of day. DOS 2.+ routines 2EH to set VERIFY on. 30H to determine the DOS version number. 33H to set/clear BREAK checking. 3CH to create a file with a pathname. 3DH to open a file with a pathname. 3EH to close a file with a pathname. 3FH to read from a file with a pathname. 40H to write to a file with a pathname. 41H to delete a file with a pathname. 47H to get the current default directory. 48H to allocate memory for HELP and screen saving. 4BH to start up COMMAND.COM. 4EH to check for the presence of a file with a pathname. 54H to determine the state of the VERIFY switch. 22H to terminate the program if the hardware configuration does not fit PC-VT requirements. This is before the CTRL-BREAK handler is initialized. 23H to terminate the program and restore the CTRL-BREAK address in DOS. This is the "normal" way to terminate PC-VT. In order to get the highest speed out of the RS-232 ports, PC-VT does direct input/output to those ports. PC-VT uses I/O addresses: COM1 COM2 ---- ---- 3F8H 2F8H Data input/output register 3F9H 2F9H Interrupt enable register 3FAH 2FAH Interrupt identification register 3FBH 2FBH Line control register 3FCH 2FCH Modem control register 3FDH 2FDH Line status register 3FEH 2FEH Modem status register for this purpose. PC-VT gets these address from PC-DOS by looking at the two words starting at address 400 (segmented Page 86 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 PC-VT Technical Details address 40:0) for the starting port addresses for COM1 and COM2 respectively. This enhances compatibility with IBM-compatible systems which may use non standard communications port device address. Note that the IBM PCjr does not assign COM ports like the PC. PC-VT has to do a little special work but it will keep them straight (jr switches the addresses if the internal modem is installed). PC-VT sends a BREAK to the host by setting bit 6 of the RS-232 Port's Line Control Register for at least one-half second. The bit is then cleared. PC-VT controls the Speaker to cause it to beep by doing direct I/O to addresses 42H,43H, and 61H. If you use an external MODEM or a direct connect, PC-VT does not require that all 25 lines of the DB-25 connector on the COM port be connected. Actually, only pin 2 (transmit data), pin 3 (receive data), and pin 7 (signal ground) need be connected. PC-VT does not use Clear to Send (CTS), Data Set Ready (DSR) or any other Modem status line. This is the FDX A mode of VT100/102 operation. Since some Modems require a basic handshake with the COM port, PC-VT sends Data Terminal Ready (DTR) and Ready to Send (RTS) out of the COM port. These 2 lines are not cleared when you terminate PC-VT. This permits the connection to be maintained while you go back to DOS. Be careful because this means that the phone will not hang up automatically when you terminate PC-VT. If you have a Hayes compatible modem, you should use the F5 function of the DIALING display to be sure. If your modem is manual, then physically hang up the phone. Receive parity checking, if set, checks not only receive parity but also data overrun and framing errors. PC-VT puts a '!' in the buffer when a character with bad parity is received. Parity checking can be enabled in the SETUP B display. PC-VT also does direct I/O to the 8259 Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC). It uses port address 21H for reading the interrupt source and address 20H for clearing that interrupt. The communications buffer in PC-VT is 2048 bytes long. To prevent buffer overflow, the XON/XOFF support sends XOFF when 1536 unprocessed characters are in the buffer (the 75% point of the buffer). Then, XON is sent when the buffer backlog is reduced to 204 characters (the 10% point of the buffer). If the host ignores the XOFF character transmitted, PC-VT will display a '#' character when the buffer overflows. All characters received while the buffer is in the overflow condition are discarded. The buffer size can be reduced to 256 bytes by a selection in the SETUP B display. See the index for "Buffer Size". The smaller buffer will give you faster response to CTRL-C, CTRL-O and CTRL-Y but some programs which do no handle XON/XOFF may not work as Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 87 PC-VT Technical Details PC-VT v8.1 well. Since the IBM PC does not have some of the special character and line drawing set characters, PC-VT makes use of the best available representation. See the description for the "ESC ) 0" sequence for the description of the selected representation. PC-VT will handle ASCII characters for codes greater than 127. This will work only when the COM port is initialized for 8 bits of data transfer. If a code greater than 127 is received, PC-VT can display the character defined in the IBM documentation. In this way, PC-VT is compatible with RBBS systems using these extended characters while maintaining compatibility with VT terminals. The "256 char" bit must be set in the SETUP display for these extended characters to be displayed. Some hosts don't strip this 8th bit even when communicating with plain ASCII. This will cause some mighty unusual behavior. Be careful when you use this feature. The NUM LOCK key will act per the IBM documentation. Undefined or illegal Escape control sequences are ignored. PC-VT does not "look" into PC-DOS directly for any reason with the exception of finding the COM1 and COM2 port address. PC-VT should be compatible with all future releases of PC-DOS. An error in either DOS or the BIOS code, causes a problem with the cursor. When PC-VT starts, it cannot ascertain the shape of the cursor due to this error. Although PC-VT will be able to use either the underline or block cursor, it may not be able to reset the cursor to the original size upon exit. This will work correctly when IBM fixes DOS. When running XMODEM, PC-VT will automatically change the communications to 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit (8-N-1) if you are not already set at that protocol. PC-VT will then restore the protocol to your default value when the XMODEM transfer is complete. Older versions of PC-VT would not pass CTRL-C on to the host computer because the CTRL-C was intercepted by PC-DOS as a program termination command. This and future versions have been modified to have PC-DOS and PC-VT ignore CTRL-C in most cases when reading from the keyboard or outputing to the console. This was done by using DOS function 6H for keyboard input and using BIOS calls for most console output. Now CTRL-C is sent to the host. To terminate PC-VT you can type CTRL-F8 from the communications display or still use CTRL-C from the SETUP or DIALING displays. Because of the fact that other PC-DOS function calls still check for CTRL-C, I could only suppress checking of that control key when the 6H direct console input DOS call or the Page 88 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 PC-VT Technical Details 10H console output BIOS was used. There are a few cases when standard PC-DOS calls had to be used for output. In the SETUP and DIALING displays, PC-VT still uses DOS call 9H to display a line. Typing CTRL-C in either of these displays will cause the program will to be terminated. In most cases, when "LOCAL" is displayed in the status line, CTRL-C will terminate PC-VT. If you are using DOS 2.x or 3.x, you should not have executed a "BREAK ON" command. If you have, PC-VT clears BREAK checking while it is running and restores the checking as it terminates. With the addition of XMODEM file transfer with CRC checking, PC-VT as made a commitment to accurate file transfer. In support of this, if you are running DOS 2 or later, PC-VT sets the VERIFY switch on during its run. The VERIFY switch is restored to its initial value as PC-VT terminates. PC-VT is not compatible with Extended Batch Language (EBL) or with SCRLOCK. I have not tested PC-VT running on any system with non-IBM DOS "patches" or auxiliary programs. A comment on the operation of PC-VT on the IBM PCjr; PC-VT version 7.0 and up will operate on the PCjr. There are some hardware differences which you should be aware of. Since PC-VT requires an 80 column display, the DOS mode command should be executed using 'bw80' as the parameter. This most likely means that you cannot use a TV set for a display. If you are using the PCjr internal modem for XMODEM data transfer, don't forget that you must set the modem with a "^NF 4" command. When the PCjr is doing a disk access, all other interrupts are turned off. This means that if data comes down the comm line, it will be lost. For this reason, I do not recommend using ASCII file transfer for receiving a file. Use XMODEM. If you must receive a file using ASCII, PC-VT will send an XOFF while the Jr is writing to disk and will send an XON once the machine is ready to process interrupts again. I have not extensively tested this feature. Sending a file using ASCII mode should work ok. The PC-VT distribution diskette has an XMODEM program written in FORTRAN for the VAX running VMS. The dialer will work fine if you change the modem dialing command from ATDT to the characters required by the PCjr modem. A comment on the 8250 serial chip; Some of the 8250 chips used in PC's and on PC compatible serial ports do not function correctly. Specifically, they do not generate interrupts correctly to the 8088. PC-VT is interrupt driven and if an interrupt is lost, unusual things may happen. I have seen this on newer PC's and PCjr's. I have an older PC and I have never seen the problem on my system. This lost interrupt causes PC-VT to think that the communications line is always busy. PC-VT tries to send each character typed but times out. PC-VT then beeps at you to indicate something is wrong. You can clear the Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 89 PC-VT Technical Details PC-VT v8.1 error on older versions of PC-VT by typing alt-r. On this version of PC-VT, I have implemented a software fix recommended by National Semiconductor. Look at the PCjr Technical Reference Manual, bottom of page A-66. PC-VT makes some use of dynamic memory when possible. The program permanently occupies about 35K bytes. In addition, to save the contents of the monochrome display and in some cases the color graphics display, PC-VT grabs 4K bytes via DOS call 48H for a screen save area. If the memory is not available, PC-VT will just clear the screen rather than save it. For HELP, PC-VT grabs 12k bytes again via DOS call 48H. If the memory is not available, the HELP key (alt-h) will be ignored. By implementing PC-VT in this manner, it will run on machines with small memory sizes but if more memory is available, PC-VT will make full use of it. These dynamic memory allocation routines work under DOS 2+ only. HELP and screen saving do not function on machines running DOS 1. Page 90 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 User-Supported Software Appendix G User-Supported Software This program and documentation are copyrighted by Mark C. DiVecchio. Permission to copy: Individuals, clubs and other non-profit organizations are granted permission by the author to freely copy this program and documentation and share it with their members, so long as: - No price is charged for the software or documentation. However, a distribution cost may be charged for the cost of the diskette, so long as it is not more than $9 total. - Club members are informed of the user-supported concept and encouraged to support it with their donations. - The program and documentation are not modified in any way and are always distributed together. Schools, universities, and other non-profit organizations are granted permission by the author to copy PC-VT for use on other computers and at other locations in the organization, so long as: - The full fee of $35 has been paid for the original copy of the program. - A usage fee of $40 is paid for each additional building where PC-VT will be used. Within each building for which the usage fee has been paid, PC-VT may be copied freely for use on any other computer in that building. Commercial users of this program are required to submit payment. Commercial site licenses are available. Contact the author. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 91 User-Supported Software PC-VT v8.1 The User-Supported concept: User-Supported Software If you are using this program and find it to be of value your contribution will be appreciated. ($35 is suggested) Mark C. DiVecchio 9067 Hillery Drive San Diego, CA 92126 Regardless of whether you make a contribution, you are encouraged to use, copy and share this program. User-supported software is an experiment in distributing computer programs, based on these beliefs: - That the value and utility of software is best assessed by the user on his/her own system. - That the creation of personal computer software can and should be supported by the computing community. - That copying of programs should be encouraged, rather than restricted. Anyone may request a copy of a user-supported program by sending a blank double sided double density, formatted disk to the author of the program. An addressed, postage-paid return mailer must accompany the disk (no exceptions, please). A copy of the program, with documentation on the disk, will be sent by return mail. The program will carry a notice suggesting a contribution to the program's author. Making a contribution is completely voluntary on the part of each non-commercial user. Free distribution of software and voluntary payment for its use eliminates costs for advertising and copy protection schemes. Users obtain quality software at reduced cost. They can try it out before buying, and do so at their own pace and in the comfort of their own home or office. The best programs will survive, based purely on their quality and usefulness. Please join the experiment. If you believe in these ideals, your contribution is solicited to help make them work. The following invoice is provided for those of you who wish an invoice for your tax records. Perhaps it will serve the purpose. Page 92 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT v8.1 User-Supported Software -------------------- INVOICE -------------------- Purchased from: Mark C. DiVecchio 9067 Hillery Drive San Diego, CA 92126 DATE: / / Invoice No. 101 -------------------------------------------------------------- PRICE PRICE PRODUCT QTY EACH EXTENDED ------------------------- --- ----- -------- PC-VT Terminal Emulator Registration Fee $35 v8.1 PC-VT Distribution Disk $9 Includes Postage and Handling Copy of PC-VT and Documentation on your Preformatted 360K DSDD Diskette Returned in your Postage Paid Self Addressed Mailer N/C -------------------------------------- SUBTOTAL 6% Sales Tax (CA Residents only) -------------------------------------- PLEASE PAY THIS AMOUNT TOTAL ----------------------------------------------------------- Please make check payable to :Mark C. DiVecchio You may retain this Invoice for your tax records. Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio Page 93 User-Supported Software PC-VT v8.1 Page 94 Copyright 1984,1985 Mark C. DiVecchio PC-VT Index ! - Parity Error Character 32, 87 # - Buffer Overflow Character 87 8 Bit ASCII 33, 88 8250 UART 89 8259 PIC 87 Application Keypad mode 13 ASCII file transfer with handshake 41 Autorepeat 29, 77, 78 Backspace Key 32 Beep 6 BREAK 24 Buffer Size 33, 87 Bypass Character 41 Cable, Interface 87 Calling COMMAND.COM 82 CAPS LOCK 23 Changing the default directory 49 Clearing all Tabs 26 Clearing COM port 83 Clearing the Screen 83 COM Port Addressing 87 COM Port Selection 27, 33 Communications Buffer Handling 87 Communications Display 10 CTRL-Z Functions 39, 40, 45 Cursor Problem 88 Default directory, changing 23 Dialing Directory Fetching 54 Dialing Directory Saving 54 Dialing Facility 24 DIALING key 51 ECHO Local/Remote Toggle 82 EDT Editor 16 Error Messages 36 Error Messages - Dialing Directory 55 Error Messages - Macro Directory 63 Feature Defaults 29 Feature Saving 26 Hanging up the phone 54 help 5, 24, 83 Line Printer Selection 33 Line Turnaround Character 41 Logon Macros 53 LPT Selection 33 Macro Directory Fetching 62 Macro Directory Saving 62 PC-VT Macro Facility 24 MACRO KEYS 59 Margin Bell 30 NO SCROLL 23 NUL Character Key 23 NUM LOCK 14, 23 Parity Checking 32 PC-VT= 9, 35, 55, 59, 62 PCjr 89 Printer Echo 24 Printing the Screen 24 Receiving (Downloading) Files 23 Restart 24 Running Programs from PC-VT 82 SCRLOCK 89 SCROLL LOCK 23 Selecting Autowrap 31 Selecting Cursor Mode 30 Selecting Defaults 26 Selecting Features 27 Selecting Local Echo 31 Selecting Modem Parameters 28 Selecting Modem Speed 28 Selecting Screen Background 30 Selecting Stop Bits 32 Selecting Tab Defaults 26 Setting and Clearing Tabs 25 Setting Answerback Message 29 SETUP 23 SETUP key 25 Smart Macros 61 Status Line 6, 10, 23, 30, 57 Terminating PC-VT 12, 24 Time of Day 33 Transmitting (Uploading) Files 23 UK Character Set 31 Using the IBM fixed disk 10 VT BACKSPACE Key 23 VT CURSOR keys 13 VT DELETE key 13 VT FUNCTION keys 13 VT LINEFEED Key 23 VT100/VT102 Selection 33 VT52 Selection 30 XMODEM 44, 48 XOFF-How to clear it 83 XON/XOFF 30 PC-VT Table of Contents Chapter 1 Introduction 4 Chapter 2 Required Hardware and Software 8 Chapter 3 Starting PC-VT 9 Chapter 4 Stopping PC-VT 12 Chapter 5 Keyboard assignments 13 Chapter 6 SETUP Displays 25 6.1 SETUP A 25 6.2 SETUP B 27 6.2.1 SETUP B Features and Defaults 29 Chapter 7 The PARAMS.DAT File 35 7.1 Creation 35 7.2 Location 35 7.3 Updating 36 7.4 Error Messages 36 Chapter 8 Transmitting and Receiving Files 38 8.1 Transmitting ASCII Files (Uploading) 38 8.1.1 Uploading with Handshake 41 8.1.2 Example of a transmission session 42 8.1.3 A Useful VAX .COM Upload file 42 8.2 Transmitting Binary Files (Uploading) 44 8.3 Receiving ASCII Files (Downloading) 44 8.3.1 Example of a receive session 46 8.3.2 A Useful VAX .COM Download file 47 8.4 Receiving Binary Files (Downloading) 48 8.5 Changing the Default Directory 49 Chapter 9 DIALING Display 51 9.1 Instructions for DIALING 51 9.2 The DIALER.DAT File 54 9.3 Creation 55 PC-VT 9.4 Location 55 9.5 Updating 55 9.6 Error Messages 55 Chapter 10 PC-VT Status Line 57 Chapter 11 Macro Display 59 11.1 Instructions for Macro 59 11.2 The MACRO.DAT File 62 11.3 Creation 62 11.4 Location 62 11.5 Updating 63 11.6 Error Messages 63 Appendix A List of Control Characters 65 Appendix B Received Escape Sequences 68 Appendix C Escape Sequences Transmitted 79 Appendix D Responses to Escape Sequences 81 Appendix E Special ALT Key Definitions 82 Appendix F PC-VT Technical Details 85 Appendix G User-Supported Software 91